{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:39:25Z","timestamp":1792651165577,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,14]],"date-time":"2002-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1037232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The United Kingdom is free from rabies, with the last human death from indigenous rabies recorded in 1902. However, between 1946 and 2000, 20 deaths were reported in the United Kingdom in people who were bitten and infected while abroad in rabies endemic areas. The rapid diagnosis of suspected human rabies cases influences the use of anti\u2010rabies post\u2010exposure prophylaxis for potential contacts with the victim. In addition, the occurrence of a human rabies case requires urgent investigation to support patient management policies. In May 2001, a case of human rabies imported into the United Kingdom from the Philippines was identified. A 55\u2010year\u2010old man was admitted to University College Hospital, London, with clinical symptoms and a history consistent with exposure to rabies. Saliva, cerebrospinal fluid), and skin biopsies (from the wound site and nape of the neck) were submitted for conventional ante\u2010mortem diagnostic techniques. Established diagnostic techniques, including the fluorescent antibody test (FAT), mouse inoculation test, (MIT) and the rabies tissue culture inoculation test (RTCIT), failed to detect the virus. In contrast, hemi\u2010nested reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR), followed by automated sequencing confirmed the presence of classical rabies virus (genotype 1) in both the saliva and skin specimens within 36 hr of sample submission. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this isolate was closely related to that of canine variants currently circulating in the Philippines. J. Med. Virol. 69:150\u2013155, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,18]],"date-time":"2002-11-18T13:44:13Z","timestamp":1037627053000},"page":"150-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Case report: Rapid ante\u2010mortem diagnosis of a human case of rabies imported into the UK from the Philippines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jemma","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"McElhinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Agranoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Elizabeth","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Fooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"677","article-title":"Imaging findings in rabies encephalitis","volume":"22","author":"Awasthi M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Ante\u2010mortem diagnosis of human rabies by the skin biopsy technique: three case reports from Zimbabwe","volume":"41","author":"Bingham J","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.18.3.631-636.1983","article-title":"Immunofluorescent examination of the skin of rabies\u2010infected animals as a means of early detection of rabies virus antigen","volume":"18","author":"Blenden DC","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Rabies","author":"Childs JE","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.4.1117-1121.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(91)90246-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2762-2766.1997","article-title":"A hemi\u2010nested PCR assay for the detection of six genotypes of rabies and rabies\u2010related viruses","volume":"35","author":"Heaton PR","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Laboratory techniques in rabies","author":"Kaplan MM","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/339237a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Rabies: dealing with dog bites","volume":"4","author":"Mortimer PP","year":"2001","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbour\u2010joining method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou N","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"UK Department of Health.Memorandum of rabies: prevention and control. 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