{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:21:26Z","timestamp":1791559286478,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,9]],"date-time":"2003-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a major cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. It has been shown that there is an increased frequency of childhood wheezing in ex\u2010bronchiolitic preteen children. This was postulated to be mediated by a vigorous virus\u2010specific Th2 response influencing the further development of the immune system. Little is known about the possible role of the immune response to clinically mild RSV infections in this respect. We have studied the RSV\u2010specific cellular immune response in infants with a laboratory\u2010confirmed RSV upper respiratory tract infection (URTI; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913, mean age 12 months, range 2\u201322 months) in comparison with infants with non\u2010RSV mediated URTI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099, mean age 9.3 months, range 4\u201318 months) or infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911, mean age 2.3 months, range 1\u20136 months). RSV\u2010specific cytokine\u2010producing cells were enumerated using the ELISPOT method in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and nasal brush T\u2010cells, collected during the acute and convalescent phase of the infection. Mixed Th1 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and Th2 (IL\u20104 and IL\u201013) responses were detected in all three groups. Frequencies of RSV\u2010specific T\u2010cells were lower in both URTI groups than in the RSV bronchiolitis group, and not significantly different between the RSV URTI and the non\u2010RSV URTI group. The absence of vigorous virus\u2010specific Th2 responses upon mild RSV infection does not support the hypothesis that these infections influence the development of the immune system and that they predispose for the development of atopic disease. J. Med. Virol. 70: 309\u2013318, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,10]],"date-time":"2003-04-10T10:01:57Z","timestamp":1049968917000},"page":"309-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Moderate local and systemic respiratory syncytial virus\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses upon mild or subclinical RSV infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"de Waal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.P.","family":"Koopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.J.","family":"van 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