{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:14:58Z","timestamp":1771017298445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,18]],"date-time":"2003-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1061164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in the local nasal immune response between bronchiolitis and upper respiratory tract infection induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Nasal brush samples were obtained from 14 infants with RSV bronchiolitis and from 8 infants with RSV upper respiratory tract infection. The samples were taken during infection (acute phase) and 2\u20134 weeks later (convalescent phase). Cytospin preparations were stained immunohistochemically for T cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. Staining also took place for intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 (ICAM\u20101), T\u2010helper 1 (Th1)\u2010like (interleukin\u201012 [IL\u201012], interferon\u2010\u03b3 [IFN\u2010\u03b3]), Th2\u2010like (IL\u20104, IL\u201010), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201018). During both RSV\u2010induced bronchiolitis and upper respiratory tract infection, cellular inflammation was observed. This was characterised by an increase in the numbers of nasal macrophages, which tended to be higher in bronchiolitis than in upper respiratory tract infection. Numbers of T lymphocytes and ICAM\u20101 positive cells increased during both bronchiolitis and upper respiratory tract infection. There were no differences between numbers in the groups. Interestingly, a distinct nasal proinflammatory cytokine response was observed in RSV\u2010induced bronchiolitis. This is characterised by an increase in the number of IL\u201018 positive cells. This increase is specific for bronchiolitis, as a similar increase could not be detected in RSV\u2010induced upper respiratory tract infection. Numbers of IL\u20106 and IL\u201012 positive cells were higher in both bronchiolitis and upper respiratory tract infection, and there were no differences between the groups. By contrast, the number of IL\u20108, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20104, and IL\u201010\u2010positive cells remained constant. In conclusion, clear differences were found in nasal immune responses of children with RSV\u2010induced upper respiratory tract infection or bronchiolitis. The induction of a strong IL\u201018 response was typical for bronchiolitis, as this could not be observed in RSV\u2010induced upper respiratory tract infection, and could explain the eosinophilia that is observed frequently during bronchiolitis. J. Med. Virol. 71:290\u2013297, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T14:29:20Z","timestamp":1061562560000},"page":"290-297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["RSV\u2010induced bronchiolitis but not upper respiratory tract infection is accompanied by an increased nasal IL\u201018 response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Inesz J.","family":"van Benten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelis M.","family":"van Drunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurens 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