{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T10:04:27Z","timestamp":1743415467421},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10202,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The growth of parent influenza viruses A\/England\/939\/69 and A\/PR\/8\/34, and clones 6, 7, and 64C, derived by recombination, was studied in newborn rats. Using an inoculum of 10<jats:sup>4.0<\/jats:sup> EID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>, influenza virus A\/England\/939\/69 produced the highest titres of virus in rat turbinates at 48 hours after inoculation; clones 6 and 7 and A\/PR\/8\/34 grew to lower titres; and clone 64C grew to the lowest titre. These differences were less apparent when 10<jats:sup>2.0<\/jats:sup> EID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of virus was used as an inoculum, and rats were not infected by smaller inoculum of any of the virus strains. Infection with 10<jats:sup>4.0<\/jats:sup> EID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of all viruses produced lung infection; at 48 hours after infection, the highest titres were recovered from rats infected with A\/PR\/8\/34 and A\/England\/939\/69 virus. Prior infection with A\/England\/939\/69 or A\/PR\/8\/34 increased the incidence of bacteraemia and meningitis following intranasal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b; infection with clone 64C did not enhance bacterial meningitis, while infection with clone 6 gave an intermediate result. Volunteer studies with these viruses have shown that influenza virus A\/England\/939\/69 was virulent, clones 6 and 7 were attenuated, clone 64C was overattenuated, and A\/PR\/8\/34 virus was noninfective for man. The relative titres of virus recovered from turbinates taken 48 hours after infection with 10<jats:sup>4.0<\/jats:sup> EID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of virus and the ability of virus infection to enhance bacterial infection correlated with the property of virus attenuation for man for four of the five strains tested; however, no correlation was seen for A\/PR\/8\/34 virus, which is a result also found in other laboratory tests designed to measure virulence for man.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890020309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T07:46:21Z","timestamp":1172821581000},"page":"253-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Influenza virus infection in newborn rats: A possible marker of attenuation for man"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"R. H.","family":"Michaels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. I. 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