{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T03:27:42Z","timestamp":1752550062134},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]],"date-time":"2005-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6950,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven male fulminant hepatitis (FH) patients (mean age: 47.7 \u00b1 16 years) positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but negative for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti\u2010HBc) were admitted consecutively to the Athens Hospital for Infectious Diseases between May 1981 and November 1983. Because of the absence of IgM anti\u2010HBc, determined by an enzyme immunoassay, these patients were considered to be HBsAg carriers with a superimposed acute hepatitis. Three of the 11 patients received immunosuppressive chemotherapy during the six months before the onset of the acute hepatitis. None of the patients was homosexual or a drug addict. Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was detected with serologic markers and\/or molecular hybridization techniques.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Fulminant hepatitis was attributed to spontaneous reactivation of chronic hepatitis B in four patients, chemotherapy\u2010induced reactivation of chronic hepatitis B in three patients, HDV superinfection in one patient and possible superinfection by non\u2010A, non\u2010B agent(s), HDV, or HDV\u2010like agents in three patients. Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B was an important cause of apparent acute hepatitis in heterosexual male HBsAg carriers from an area with a high prevalence of HBV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890200410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T13:11:38Z","timestamp":1172841098000},"page":"371-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fulminant Hepatitis in Asymptomatic Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriers in Greece"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nicolaos C.","family":"Tassopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Papaevangelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Roumeliotou\u2010Karayannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Ticehurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Feinstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Smedile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890090109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6413.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-6-762"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90024-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1096A","article-title":"IgM anti\u2010delta: A marker of active delta hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Farci P","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90897-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/82.3.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80153-5","article-title":"Fulminant B hepatitis: Role of delta agent","volume":"86","author":"Govindarajan S","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90054-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(83)90044-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases","author":"Hoofnagle JH","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-4-447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.6.803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890150105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6359.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112498","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiologic significance of antibody to HBcAg in Greece","volume":"106","author":"Papaevangelou G","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890130411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-1-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.5.590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.1.318","article-title":"The HBV\u2010associated \u03b4\u2010antigen: Isolation from liver, development of solid phase radioimmunoassays for \u03b4 antigen and anti\u2010\u03b4 and partial characterization of \u03b4 antigen","volume":"125","author":"Rizzetto M","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(85)80766-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91163-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90323-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90156-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890090208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1985.tb00258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"TassopoulosN SjogrenM TicehurstJ EngleR Roumeliotou\u2010KarayannisA GerinJ PurcellR PapaevangelouG(1985b): Significance of IgM anti\u2010HBc in a Greek population with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Liver (in press)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80052-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"522","article-title":"The Fulminant Hepatic Failure Surveillance Study. Brief review of the effects of presumed etiology and age on survival","volume":"106","author":"Trey C","year":"1972","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.1890200410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.1890200410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T19:37:32Z","timestamp":1697830652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.1890200410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.1890200410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.1890200410","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]}}}