{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:44:12Z","timestamp":1761155052016},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6611,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver biopsy specimens from 58 American patients with chronic type B hepatitis were investigated for the presence and distribution of the hepatitis B core (HBcAg) and surface (HBsAg) antigens by peroxidase\u2010anti\u2010peroxidase techniques. HBsAg was detected in 43 (77%) and HBcAg in 52 (90%) patients. HBcAg was present in 50 of 51 (98%) patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) but in only two of seven (29%) of patients with antibody to HBeAg (anti\u2010HBe). There was no correlation between severity of hepatitis or height of aminotransferase activities and the amount of HBsAg or HBcAg in hepatocytes but there was a positive correlation between amount of HBcAg and height of HBV\u2010DNA and DNA polymerase activity in serum. Follow\u2010up liver biopsies, taken 1 to 3 yr later, were available from 39 patients. HBcAg remained detectable in 25 of 26 patients with persistence of HBeAg but disappeared in 12 patients who had lost HBeAg.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In nine patients, HBcAg was cytoplasmic as well as nuclear in distribution. Seven of these patients had an intense lobular hepatitis with marked elevations in aminotransferase activities. These findings indicate that the amount of HBcAg in liver correlates with the amount of serum hepatitis B virus as quantified by serum levels of DNA polymerase and HBV\u2010DNA. The amount of nuclear HBcAg does not correlate with the severity of the liver disease, but the presence of cytoplasmic HBcAg usually reflects an active and severe ongoing hepatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890230310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T13:39:26Z","timestamp":1172842766000},"page":"273-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Peroxidase\u2010anti\u2010peroxidase detection of hepatitis B surface and core antigen in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic type B hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne G.","family":"Waggoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay H.","family":"Hoofnagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"396","article-title":"Liver cell surface localization of hepatitis B antigen and of immunoglobulins in acute and chronic hepatitis and in liver cirrhosis","volume":"25","author":"Alberti A","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/127.6.648"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90703-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1985.tb00014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/279043a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-6-762"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"New developments in immunoperoxidase techniques and their application","volume":"107","author":"Falini B","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","article-title":"Pattern of core and surface expression in liver tissue reflects state of specific immune response","volume":"32","author":"Gudat F","year":"1975","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.4.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91153-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92004-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90601-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a four month course of recombinant human alpha interferon in patients with chronic type B hepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Hoofnagle JH","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunohistochemical demonstration of hepatitis B core and surface antigens in paraffin sections","volume":"32","author":"Huang SN","year":"1975","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.6.2773","article-title":"Specificity of T lymphocyte cytotoxicity to autologous hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Evidence that T cells are directed against HBV core antigen expressed on hepatocytes","volume":"129","author":"Mondelli M","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Tissue localization of Australia antigen immune complexes in acute and chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis","volume":"68","author":"Nowoslawski A","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80456-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20.10.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease","author":"Thomas HC","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"649","article-title":"Hepatitis B core and surface antigens in liver tissue. 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