{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T21:39:41Z","timestamp":1744148381906},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6278,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proteins of viral envelope, encoded by the pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> region of HBV\u2010DNA, were measured quantitatively with enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies directed to pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> epitope and correlated with the expression of pre\u2010S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> region encoded epitope and other HBV markers. In acute HBV infection, both pre\u2010S encoded proteins were detected in sera along with markers of viral replication and disappeared shortly before complete virus clearance while high HBsAg titers were still present.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antigen was present in most (95.5%) symptomatic and asymptomatic chronic HBsAg carriers. There was no correlation between the presence of pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and HBeAg or HBV\u2010DNA in serum: 73% of sera with pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> determinants were anti\u2010HBe positive, and only 25.4% were positive for HBV\u2010DNA.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Most pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> activity in sera of viremic carriers was detected in fractions of sucrose gradient containing subviral 22\u2010nm particles, and much less in those containing infectious virions. In asymptomatic, nonviremic HBsAg carriers, pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> was located only on subviral 22\u2010nm forms. Pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> positive particles had no accessible pre\u2010S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> epitope, which is recognized specifically by monoclonal antipre\u2010S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (F<jats:sub>124<\/jats:sub>) antibody.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These results show that the synthesis of the large protein of HBV envelope may occur also in the absence of active viral replication, and in these cases pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> encoded sequences are on subviral particles of HBsAg. Therefore, pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> is not a serologic marker of infectious virus. Disappearance of pre\u2010S<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> epitopes on HBsAg occurs only before complete clearance of the virus, and this may have potential prognostic relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890260213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T16:26:30Z","timestamp":1172852790000},"page":"217-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Occurrence of pre\u2010S<sub>1<\/sub> antigen in viremic and nonviremic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Agata","family":"Budkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Dubreuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. 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Intervirology (in press)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"697","volume-title":"Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease","author":"Heermann KH","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.58.2.522-525.1986","article-title":"Pre\u2010S1 antigens and antibodies early in the course of acute hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"58","author":"Klinkert MQ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Cell\u2010type dependent expression and secretion of hepatitis B virus pre\u2010S1 surface antigen","volume":"63","author":"Marquardt O","year":"1987","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(86)90399-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(82)90275-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/317489a0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.1890260213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.1890260213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T17:15:30Z","timestamp":1697908530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.1890260213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.1890260213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.1890260213","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]}}}