{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:41:15Z","timestamp":1761662475298},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,11]],"date-time":"2005-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5976,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 390 parenteral drug abusers (PDAs) at the Kaohsiung Municipal Narcotics Abstention Institute were examined for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti\u2010HBs), and core antibody (anti\u2010HBc) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and for antibody to HIV (anti\u2010HIV) by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HDV (anti\u2010HDV) were also tested for HBsAg\u2010positive serum samples. Although the HBsAg\u2010positive rate (22.1%) among PDAs was similar to that of the general population in southern Taiwan, the HBV infection rate (99.2%) and the anti\u2010HDV\u2010positive rate (78.5%) among HBsAg\u2010positive subjects were significantly higher than those of the general population in southern Taiwan (P &lt; 0.0001). None of the PDAs studied were positive for anti\u2010HIV.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) among PDAs were significantly higher than those of the general population in southern Taiwan (P &lt; 0.0001). The more frequent the institutionalisation, the higher the infection rates with HBV and HDV and elevated levels of SGOT and SGPT. Horizontal transmission through parenteral drug abuse may be considered a possible reason for the significantly higher rates of HBV and HDV among parenteral drug abusers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890280403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T16:55:51Z","timestamp":1172854551000},"page":"215-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Seroepidemiology of hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among parenteral drug abusers in southern 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