{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T06:10:54Z","timestamp":1698041454377},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5852,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological studies on neurological diseases in residents of Afro\u2010Caribbean origin in the West Midlands region of England have identified eight patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), all of whom were found to be infected with human T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101). The husband of one of the patients with TSP was also infected with HTLV\u20101 and had a T\u2010cell lymphoma. In addition, six asymptomatic HTLV\u20101\u2010infected first\u2010degree relatives of the TSP patients have been found. By anonymous testing of over 700 sera obtained from individuals of Afro\u2010Caribbean, African, or Asian ethnic origin, seven HTLV\u20101\u2010infected individuals were detected, who were all immigrants from the Caribbean. Overall, these numbers yielded a seroprevalence of HTLV\u20101 infections of 3.4% among the immigrant population of Afro\u2010Caribbean origin, which is comparable with the prevalence of HTLV\u20101 in Jamaica in an equivalent age and sex cohort. Sera were tested for HTLV\u20101 antibody by means of three different procedures: passive particle agglutination test (Serodia), indirect enzyme\u2010labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Dupont), and indirect immunofluorescence test (in\u2010house, using HTLV\u20101\u2010infected MT2 cells). The results of all three tests correlated very well with each other. HTLV\u20101 antibody titres in TSP patients were on the whole significantly higher than those of asymptomatic carriers, but some of the apparently healthy firstdegree relatives and one anonymously tested individual had titres as high as most of the TSP patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890290413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T17:34:30Z","timestamp":1172856870000},"page":"289-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Epidemiology of human T\u2010Cell leukemia\/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101) infections in a subpopulation of Afro\u2010Caribbean origin in England"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Mowbray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharron","family":"Mawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atha","family":"Chawira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Skidmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Boxall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Desselberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Nightingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890260402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90573-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91626-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198805053181801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.13.4895"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1988.4.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90123-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.11.3876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.8.2878"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90081-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/331540a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114456","article-title":"Intrafamilial 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