{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T16:55:15Z","timestamp":1758992115592},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,8]],"date-time":"2005-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5486,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti\u2010HCV) was studied in North East England in blood donors, local multiply transfused patients, local high risk individuals, and chronic liver disease patients. Anti\u2010HCV was detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 2\/1120 (0.18%) blood donors; 1\/84 chronic renal failure patients on haemodialysis who had received 1,992 units of blood (seroconversion rate of 0.05% per unit transfused), 1\/207 cardiac patients 6 months post cardiac surgery transfused with 1,403 units of blood (1 anti\u2010HCV pre\u2010operatively, seroconversion rate 0.07%), 40\/50 haemophilia A patients treated with commercial factor VIII, and 38\/100 intravenous drug users. In addition anti\u2010HCV was detected by ELISA in 5\/35 cryptogenic chronic liver disease patients, 5\/5 confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) (14%); 3\/30 patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, 2\/3 by RIBA (7%); 2\/50 primary biliary cirrhosis patients, 1\/2 by RIBA (2%); 0\/30 alcoholic cirrhosis patients; and 2\/9 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 1\/2 by RIBA (11%). HCV is uncommon in North East England; it may be implicated in the aetiology of a minority of cases of cryptogenic liver disease and &lt;5% of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890320409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T19:01:46Z","timestamp":1172862106000},"page":"243-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Low prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in North East England"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"A. M.","family":"Brind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Codd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. G.","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. F. W.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. F.","family":"Bassendine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-8-583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911303212202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91585-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072408","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus: The major causative agent of viral non\u2010A, non\u2010B hepatitis","volume":"46","author":"Choo Q\u2010L","year":"1989","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6403.1422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91055-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90485-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91446-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90851-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91042-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90474-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.24.10367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90500-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2496467"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90070-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"560","article-title":"Antibodies to hepatitis C","author":"Ludham CA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91124-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90870-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90854-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90679-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"558","volume-title":"Viral hepatitis and Liver Disease","author":"Reesink HW","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890300316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91296-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"796","article-title":"Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian blood donors","author":"Sirchia G","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91296-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91229-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1983.tb04099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90347-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90134-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91296-M"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.1890320409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.1890320409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T17:51:21Z","timestamp":1697997081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.1890320409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.1890320409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.1890320409","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}}}