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A rapid, simple, and robust IgG\u2010capture enzyme\u2010linked immunsorbent assay (GACELISA) suitable for the detection of anti\u2010HIV 1 and 2 in saliva and urine was developed. Following optimisation of the assay, 177 salivary and 568 urine specimens collected from individuals of known serostatus were investigated. The assay was 100% sensitive on 50 salivary (median OD\/CO = 8.9) and 126 urinary (median OD\/CO = 8.6) specimens collected from anti\u2010HIV\u2010positive patients. The specificity was 100% on 127 salivary specimens (median OD\/CO = 0.37) and 422 urinary specimens (median OD\/CO = 0.39) collected from anti\u2010HIV\u2010negative individuals. These findings demonstrate that GACELISA HIV 1 + 2 tests on saliva or on urine are an accurate alternative to a conventional anti\u2010HIV test of blood. This assay is satisfactory for surveillance purposes and, with appropriate precautions, could be used clinically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T23:04:34Z","timestamp":1172876674000},"page":"159-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Novel assay for the detection of immunoglobulin G antihuman immunodeficiency virus in untreated saliva and urine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John V.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip P.","family":"Mortimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"AIDS and HIV 1 infection in the United Kingdom: monthly report","volume":"2","author":"Anonymous","year":"1992","journal-title":"Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1990.6.1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V67.3.831.831","article-title":"Antibodies to human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV\u2010III) in saliva of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and in persons at risk for AIDS","volume":"67","author":"Archibald DW","year":"1986","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Detection of salivary HIV\u20101 specific IgG antibodies in high\u2010risk populations in Zaire","volume":"4","author":"Behets FM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1970.tb01956.x","article-title":"Human secretory immunoglobulin in salivary secretions from individuals with normal or low levels of serum immunoglobulin","volume":"12","author":"Brandtzaeg P","year":"1970","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Haematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91696-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"HIV\u20101 neutralising antibodies in urine from seropositive individuals","volume":"3","author":"Cao Y","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1989.5.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Passage of immunoglobulin from plasma to the oral cavity in rhesus monkeys","volume":"35","author":"Challacombe SJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91245-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90855-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390050066020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90184-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198810000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.4.699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198903000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92737-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90649-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Immunology of Oral Diseases","author":"Roitt I","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(85)90316-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Antibodies to HIV in saliva","author":"Shoeman RL","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.6.1056"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Wellcome Foundation Ltd.Immunoassay for antibody esp HIV antibody using recombinant antigens from different organisms in sandwich assay to eliminate false positives. 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