{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:16:16Z","timestamp":1790226976399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4358,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by persistence of liver inflammation that often leads to end\u2010stage liver disease, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. A hyper\u2010variable region (HVR) has been reported in the E2\/NS1 region of the HCV genome, in which striking diversity is found among different HCV isolates. To investigate the association of the HVR alterations with the clinical courses of HCV infection, a longitudinal analysis of the HVR in patients with acute HCV infection was carried out. Plasma samples were obtained at several times in three patients with acute hepatitis C. Plasma RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed, and DNA fragments that included the HVR were amplified by PCR. The sequences of the HVR were directly determined from the PCR products by the dideoxy chain termination method, from which amino acid sequences were deduced. In all cases, plasma HCV\u2010RNA disappeared with the improvement of the initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, but HCV\u2010RNA reappeared about 1 year later with or without deterioration of the hepatitis. In a case of sporadic acute hepatitis, the HCV in the recurrent phase had seven amino acid substitutions in the HVR compared with that in the acute phase, although no amino acid changes were noted during the initial acute phase. In a case of posttransfusion hepatitis, a marked difference was observed between the acute and the recurrent phases, with an amino acid homology of 30% (8\/27). The mutation rate of the HVR had a tendency to accelerate as the HCV infection progressed to the chronic stage. In conclusion, the HVR changes serially during the course of acute HCV infection, and these HVR changes may play a part in the chronicity of HCV infection. \u00a9 1994 Wiiey\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890420119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T23:19:38Z","timestamp":1172877578000},"page":"103-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Sequential change of the hypervariable region of the hepatitis C virus genome in acute infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Naoya","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Kurosaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Marumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chifumi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80226-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(05)81223-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.13.5547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9524"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(92)90038-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2496467"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/339237a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3014647"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93101-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-72-11-2697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"The 5\u2032\u2010terminal sequence of the hepatitis C virus genome","volume":"60","author":"Okamoto H","year":"1990","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.2.589-597.1991","article-title":"Structural proteins of hog cholera virus expressed by vaccinia virus: Further characterization and induction of protective immunity","volume":"65","author":"Rumenapf T","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90104-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.8.3468"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.9938"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.1890420119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.1890420119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:39:51Z","timestamp":1698107991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.1890420119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.1890420119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.1890420119","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]}}}