{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T01:45:29Z","timestamp":1700185529078},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4299,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>HBsAg subtypes were defined by means of adsorbed polyclonal antisera; however, HBsAg subtyping is currently usually carried out with monoclonal antibodies (Mab). We developed a complementary subtyping method based on the polymerase chain reaction. Reference samples belonging to all known HBsAg subtypes could be detected and grouped into four different categories (ayw<\/jats:italic>1\/ayw<\/jats:italic>4\/ayr<\/jats:italic>, ayw<\/jats:italic>2\/ayw<\/jats:italic>3, adw<\/jats:italic>2\/adrq<\/jats:italic>+\/adrq<\/jats:italic>\u2010, adw<\/jats:italic>4). Thirteen HBsAg\u2010positive serum samples previously subtyped as ad<\/jats:italic> by means of monoclonal antibodies fell into the adw<\/jats:italic>2\/adrq<\/jats:italic>+\/adrq<\/jats:italic>\u2010 group, as well as 13 ay<\/jats:italic> samples into the ayw<\/jats:italic>2\/ayw<\/jats:italic>3 group. These results could be confirmed by means of reference polyclonal antisera in nine ad<\/jats:italic> cases (all adw<\/jats:italic>2) and in seven ay<\/jats:italic> cases (all ayw<\/jats:italic>3); the remaining seven were below the detection limit of the polyclonal assay. Four samples which were not recognized by any of the d\/y<\/jats:italic> subtype\u2010specific Mab were shown to contain ayw<\/jats:italic>2\/ayw<\/jats:italic>3 sequences. Only one contained sufficient HBsAg to be confirmed as ayw<\/jats:italic>3 by means of reference antisera. Three of five sera showing simultaneous reactivity both for d<\/jats:italic> and y<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific Mab were classified as adw<\/jats:italic>4 by PCR, as was one by reference polyclonal antisera. The y<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific monoclonal antibody cross\u2010reacted with the adw<\/jats:italic>4 subtype. Single adw<\/jats:italic>2 sequences were amplified in one of the remaining two cases, as well as single ayw<\/jats:italic>2\/ayw<\/jats:italic>3 sequences in the other, suggesting that they showed true coexistence of two strains of different subtype, only one of which was in active replication state. It is concluded that the method described is useful in the solution of some undefined cases obtained with the monoclonal\u2010based assays. \u00a9 1994 W iley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890420302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T23:31:42Z","timestamp":1172878302000},"page":"217-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Polymerase chain reaction can resolve some undefined cases of Hepatitis B virus antigenic subtyping"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Juan E.","family":"Echevarr\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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