{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:21:45Z","timestamp":1789978905792,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4238,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since, to our knowledge, no clinically documented cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have been reported in Northern Ireland, a sero\u2010epidemiological study was carried out to assess the degree of Hantavirus immunity in a group of 627 Northern Irish patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of HFRS and 100 healthy controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>IFA screening for IgG Hantavirus specific antibodies was carried out with a panel of up to 9 different Hantaviral antigens. IgM screening was performed using a commercially available ji\u2010capture ELISA based upon two recombinant Hantaviral nucleocapsid antigens. A seropositivity of 2.1% (15\/727) was recorded, with an almost exclusive reaction against a rat\u2010derived R22VP30 strain of the Seoul serotype. Sole reliance upon non\u2010rat\u2010derived classic screening antigens Hantaan (HTN 76\u2013118) and Puumala (CG 18\u201320) would have resulted in the detection of only 2\/15 (13.3%) of cases in IgG IFA, and 8\/14 (57.1%) of the cases in IgM ELISA.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The findings indicate that for the first time in Europe, and more specifically in N. Ireland, non\u2010laboratory outbreaks of HFRS may be caused by wild rats acting as a reservoir for a Seoul\u2010like Hantavirus.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conventional Hantavirus serology using Hantaan and Puumala as screening antigens does not appear sufficient for the detection of such cases of HFRS. Hence, we propose the addition of a rat derived Hantaviral antigen to the antigen screening panel as a means of improving the specificity of the detection methods. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890430107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T00:03:30Z","timestamp":1172880210000},"page":"33-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Serological evidence of hantavirus disease in Northern Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"McKenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Matthys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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