{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:22:41Z","timestamp":1761128561469},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4177,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Classical Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) serology can be misleading in some cases due to the variability of the viral capsid antigen (VCA)\u2010IgM response, persistent or reactivated VCA\u2010IgM, or loss of anti\u2010EBNA\u20101 during suppression of the cellular immune system. Therefore, we studied the usefulness and significance of avidity determinations of VCA\u2010IgG and EA\u2010IgG to achieve unequivocal interpretation of serological results.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Avidities of EBV capsid antigen\u2010specific IgG (VCA\u2010IgG) and early antigen\u2010specific IgG (EA\u2010IgG) were determined by indirect immunofluorescence during and after acute EBV infection. Low\u2010avidity antibodies were removed from antigen\u2010antibody complexes by incubation with 6 M urea for 3 minutes. The analysis of 105 sera taken at defined time spans with regard to the onset of clinical symptoms allowed us to determine the kinetics of maturation of avidity of VCA\u2010IgG. All sera had low\u2010avidity antibodies at the onset of disease. More than 90% of the sera showed an avidity index below 0.25 during the first 10 days after the onset of disease. Fifty percent of the sera exhibited an avidity index of 0.25 or above 20\u201330 days after the onset of clinical symptoms. Sera from past infections uniformly exhibited avidity indices of 0.5 or 1. Avidity of EA\u2010IgG may still be low when avidity of VCA\u2010IgG is already borderline or high, thus allowing further differentiation of acute and recent infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Avidity determination represents an important additional marker of serology in classical cases and allows diagnosis in aberrant cases, such as acute infections with low or undetectable VCA\u2010IgM. In convalescent patients with persistent or reactivated VCA\u2010IgM and in cases of negative anti\u2010EBNA\u20101 due to a loss of this marker during immunosuppression, avidity determination of VCA\u2010IgG is helpful to prevent false diagnosis. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890430308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T23:53:29Z","timestamp":1172879609000},"page":"238-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Avidities of IgG directed against viral capsid antigen or early antigen: Useful markers for significant epstein\u2010barr virus 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