{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T14:10:58Z","timestamp":1698329458198},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3993,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently causes chronic hepatitis and lack of virus clearance in these patients. In addition, many patients infected by HCV also present with hypergamma\u2010globulinemia in the early stage of chronic infection. These observations raise a possible viral superantigen effect induced by HCV, because viral superantigen found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or in replication of defective murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is associated with T\u2010cell dysfunction and polyclonal activation of B cells. The possibility was investigated of whether HCV encodes any superantigen by analyzing the usage of T\u2010cell receptor (TCR) from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PEL) of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Two groups, one with hyper\u2010gammaglobulinemia and the other without hy\u2010pergammaglobulinemia, were studied for the usage of TCR \u03b2 chain by reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) analysis. It was found that all genes of V\u03b2 variable chain were used in the PBL of these patients. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of the TCR expression pattern between these two groups, nor a complete deletion of a particular T\u2010cell subset in either group. These results do not provide evidence for HCV superantigen, but indicate that the TCR usage in the patients was neither defective nor biased. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890450105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T00:26:08Z","timestamp":1172881568000},"page":"24-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unbiased usage of T\u2010cell receptor \u03b2 variable region genes in peripheral blood cells of hepatitis C patients: No correlation with superantigen effect"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"C. C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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