{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:08:34Z","timestamp":1790233714085,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3993,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred over a 5\u2010week period aboard an aircraft carrier. The estimated cumulative attack rate was 13% among the 4,500\u2010man crew. Eight percent of the crew sought medical attention, nearly all of whom missed 1 day or more of work. The risk of developing illness was 2 to 3 times greater for individuals living in more crowded sleeping quarters ( &gt;50 persons per compartment). Occurrence of gastroenteritis was associated with a fourfold or more rise in Norwalk virus antibody levels, as measured by an enzyme\u2010linked immunoassay utilizing a baculovirus expressed recombinant antigen. In addition, 27 nm Norwalk virus\u2010like particles were visualized in two of six stools examined by immune electron microscopy. The presence of a low (&lt;1:50) or a high (\u2a7d1:6,400) pre\u2010illness antibody level was associated with a lower incidence of illness. This investigation indicates that Norwalk virus can adversely impact operations of a military vessel and that crowding is a major risk factor in transmission. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890450112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T00:26:08Z","timestamp":1172881568000},"page":"61-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Epidemiology of Norwalk virus during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis aboard a US aircraft carrier"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Trueman W.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth C.","family":"Hyams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Trofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert Z.","family":"Kapikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Y.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Estes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Waack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.10.6.903-909.1979","article-title":"Immune response and prevalence of antibody to Norwalk enteritis as determined by radioimmunoassay","volume":"10","author":"Blacklow NR","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"648","article-title":"Explosive outbreak of gastroenteritis on an aircraft carrier: An infectious disease mass casualty situation","volume":"64","author":"Bohnker B","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92146-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.8.2185-2191.1993","article-title":"A comparison of the reactivities of baculovirus expressed recombinant Norwalk virus capsid antigen with the native Norwalk virus in serologic assays and some epidemiologic observations","volume":"31","author":"Green KY","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90508-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"New insights in viral gastroenteritis","volume":"11","author":"Greenberg HB","year":"1981","journal-title":"Perspectives in Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90964-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111143252006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.4.986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"671","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"Kapikian AZ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1353","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"Kapikian AZ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.10.5.1075-1081.1972","article-title":"Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27 nm particle associated with acute infectious non\u2010bacterial gastroenteritis","volume":"10","author":"Kapikian AZ","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.2.318-322.1994","article-title":"Norwalk virus\u2010associated gastroenteritis traced to ice consumption aboard a cruise ship in Hawaii; 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