{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T23:27:38Z","timestamp":1768519658404,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3812,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective case\u2010controlled study was conducted in order to determine the transmission route of community\u2010acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Taiwan. Thirty\u2010eight consecutive patients (25 men and 13 women) with acute community\u2010acquired HCV infection and 76 age (within 3 years)\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy control subjects without HCV infection were enrolled. Serum anti\u2010HCV was tested by second generation immunoassay. The sera of 26 family members from 12 families of index patients were also tested for anti\u2010HCV. A questionnaire covering the history of blood transfusion, surgery, intravenous drug abuse, prostitute contact, dental procedures, injection, acupuncture, tattooing, and ear\u2010piercing was conducted among patients and control subjects. Univariate analysis revealed injection with nondisposable needles was an independent risk factor (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02, odds ratio = 4.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.24\u201014.47) associated with HCV infection. Other risk factors were not significant. Only 2 (7.7%) family members of index patients had an anti\u2010HCV. In conclusion, more vigorous effort to prohibit the use of nondisposable needles should be promoted to interrupt the spread of community\u2010acquired HCV infection in Taiwan. Of note, a significant number of patients (34.2%) contracted HCV infection without identifiable risk factors. Unidentified routes need to be investigated. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890460314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T00:53:54Z","timestamp":1172883234000},"page":"247-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Injection with nondisposable needles as an important route for transmission of acute community\u2010acquired hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Trong\u2010Zong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaw\u2010Ching","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu\u2010Shun","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Yung","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinn\u2010Jang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teh\u2010Ia","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shou\u2010Dong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90585-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1990.tb01783.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.6.886"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430090063034","article-title":"Importance 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