{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:25:59Z","timestamp":1790627159965,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3689,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was studied in owl monkeys following oral administration of the wild\u2010type HM\u2010175 strain of HAV. Stools were collected daily and blood and pharyngeal swabs twice weekly for viral isolation, and animals were necropsied at various intervals after inoculation. Organs were examined for the presence of virus by isolation in cell culture and for viral antigens by immunofluorescence. Monkeys excreted HAV in the stools for 1\u20134 days after inoculation, presumably due to the residual unabsorbed inoculum. No virus was found in stools for the next 2\u20133 days. HAV re\u2010appeared on days 4\u20137 and then persisted through day 39. Viremia occurred on the 10th day and continued until day 35. Virus was isolated occasionally from throat swabs 1 or 2 weeks after it was detected in stools and blood, and there was no evidence that HAV replicated in the pharyngeal tissues. Animals acquired anti HAV antibody by the 4th week, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated 5\u20135.5 weeks after inoculation. HAV was isolated from liver 5 days after inoculation; however, viral antigens were first detected in Kupffer cells of the liver at 14 days and in hepatocytes at 21 days. HAV antigen was detected in epithelial cells of the intestinal crypts and in the cells of the lamina propria of the small intestine 3 days postinoculation and thereafter until the 5th week, suggesting that these cells might represent an additional site of HAV replication. \u00a9 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#note1\"\/><jats:fn><jats:p>This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.<\/jats:p><\/jats:fn>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890470312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T04:16:40Z","timestamp":1172895400000},"page":"260-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Pathogenesis of hepatitis A in orally inoculated owl monkeys (<i>Aotus trivirgatus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ludmila V. Shavrina","family":"Asher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard N.","family":"Binn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Mensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth H.","family":"Marchwicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell A.","family":"Vassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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