{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:58:36Z","timestamp":1761487116846},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,18]],"date-time":"2004-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two considerations led us to study the genetic diversity and origin of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Dutch blood donors. Firstly, an HBV\u2010infected Dutch blood donor was found negative by four assays used commonly for detection of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). How variable is HBsAg among HBV infected blood donors? Secondly, the WHO recommends universal vaccination against HBV, but north\u2010west European countries limit vaccination to groups at risk of HBV. This policy may reduce hepatitis B among low\u2010risk, unvaccinated persons if HBV strains that infect low\u2010risk persons stem from local at\u2010risk groups. Studying the nucleotide sequence of the S\u2010gene of HBV from 63 Dutch blood donors, considerable variation was found. The majority of the donor strains (52\/63, 83%) appears closely related to local HBV isolates as present in intravenous drug users, immigrants, and homosexual men. The remaining 11 (17%) HBV strains belong to various non\u2010Western genotypes. This implies that an indigenous Dutch HBV strain (heterosexually transmitted, not associated with intravenous drug abuse, or immigrants) does not exist, and it supports the policy in low endemic countries to limit vaccination to at\u2010risk groups. On the other hand, it must be realised that, after 20 years of vaccination of at\u2010risk groups, HBV still circulates in the at\u2010risk groups and Dutch blood donors acquire the HBV strains involved. J. Med. Virol. 73:29\u201332, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,19]],"date-time":"2004-03-19T15:54:20Z","timestamp":1079711660000},"page":"29-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Diversity and origin of hepatitis B virus in Dutch blood donors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"M.H.G.M.","family":"Koppelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.L.","family":"Zaaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-68255-4_61"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199909)59:1<19::AID-JMV4>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38198141499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200103000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000150411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-5-1201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00213-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-5-1165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2001.00110.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.20057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.20057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T02:19:17Z","timestamp":1700273957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.20057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,18]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.20057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.20057","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,18]]}}}