{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:11Z","timestamp":1786978091267,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,13]],"date-time":"2004-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1089676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The etiology of idiopathic cranial nerve palsies often remains unresolved. It has been hypothesised that viral reactivation of herpesviruses in the corresponding nuclei in the brainstem is the cause. We investigated the distribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV\u20101) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) in nuclei that are associated with peripheral sensory ganglia [oculomotor (nIII), facial (nVII) nuclei] and in nuclei that are not associated with peripheral sensory ganglia [trochlear (nIV), abducens (nVI), and hypoglossal (nXII) nuclei] of five human brainstems. Samples of the cranial nerve nuclei and adjacent control tissue were taken from histological sections after precise identification of every single nucleus and control tissue. DNA and RNA amplification methods were used to determine the prevalence and distribution of HSV\u20101 and VZV. The distribution of human herpes virus type 6 (HHV\u20106) was also determined and served as a control, since HHV\u20106 infection has never been associated with idiopathic cranial nerve palsies. HSV\u20101 was distributed at random in all cranial nerve nuclei and control tissue, whereas VZV DNA was not detected in any of the samples examined. Surprisingly, HHV\u20106 was present in almost all samples where HSV\u20101 was also present, however, the latency associated transcript (LAT) of HSV\u20101 was not found in any of the samples positive for HSV\u20101 DNA. The absence of LAT in the samples positive for HSV\u20101 and the distribution of HSV\u20101 and HHV\u20106 do not support the hypothesis that idiopathic cranial nerve palsies result from viral reactivation in the brainstem nuclei. J. Med. Virol. 74:102\u2013106, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,13]],"date-time":"2004-07-13T10:04:07Z","timestamp":1089713047000},"page":"102-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Prevalence and distribution of HSV\u20101, VZV, and HHV\u20106 in human cranial nerve nuclei III, IV, VI, VII, and XII"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Diethilde","family":"Theil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja 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