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A survey was undertaken of HTLV\u20101 and HTLV\u20102 infections in 393 recent immigrants: 167 HIV\u20101 positive subjects (including 52 male\u2010to\u2010female transsexual sex workers) and 226 pregnant HIV\u20101 negative women. The prevalence of HTLV\u20101 was 3.6% in the HIV\u20101 positive group and 0.9% in the HIV\u20101 negative group. The highest HTLV\u20101 prevalence in both groups was found in persons from Latin America, particularly those born in Peru (up to 26% in the HIV\u20101 positive group). All of the HIV\u20101\/HTLV\u20101 co\u2010infected individuals were male\u2010to\u2010female transsexual sex workers in whom the overall prevalence of HTLV\u20101 infection was 11.5%. HTLV\u20102 was only found in the HIV\u20101 positive group (prevalence 1.2%); all of the infected subjects were transsexual sex workers from Brazil (overall prevalence 6.4%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the HTLV\u20101 isolates were of the cosmopolitan type, clustering with other strains circulating in the patients' birthplaces; the HTLV\u20102 isolates were of subtype 2a, and clustered significantly with other Brazilian strains. These results suggest the independent origin of each infection in the patient's birthplace. The data raise concerns about the further spread of HTLV infections mainly through the sexual route. J. Med. Virol. 74:207\u2013215, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,23]],"date-time":"2004-08-23T13:32:11Z","timestamp":1093267931000},"page":"207-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["High prevalence of human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101) in immigrant male\u2010to\u2010female transsexual sex workers with HIV\u20101 infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Gianguglielmo","family":"Zehender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Colasante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"De 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