{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T14:21:29Z","timestamp":1771597289199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,20]],"date-time":"2004-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1092960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Visby Program"},{"name":"Swedish Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001837","name":"Estonian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["4218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The genotypes and subtypes of 205 HBV isolates collected during 1989\u20132002 in Estonia and 14 other regions of the former USSR were determined by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the S gene. The in Europe prevailing genotypes, A and D, were also circulating in the whole territory of the former USSR including Estonia and accounted for 18.5 and 81% of the strains, respectively. All genotype A strains specified <jats:italic>adw2<\/jats:italic>, and a single genotype C strain specified <jats:italic>adrq<\/jats:italic>+. Most genotype D strains specified <jats:italic>ayw3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ayw2<\/jats:italic>, although, three strains from Estonia and Siberia specified <jats:italic>ayw4<\/jats:italic>. Due to unique substitutions, Ser<jats:sup>122<\/jats:sup> and Ala<jats:sup>127<\/jats:sup>, four strains could not be classified according to the subtype. One strain specifying <jats:italic>ayw3<\/jats:italic> encoded Leu<jats:sup>143<\/jats:sup> and Ala<jats:sup>145<\/jats:sup> and was possibly an immune \u201cescape\u201d mutant. At phylogenetic analysis 93% of the Estonian genotype D strains belonged to a cluster specifying mainly <jats:italic>ayw3<\/jats:italic> and were more similar to isolates from Siberia and the Far\u2010East of Russia than to isolates originating from Central Russia which belonged to another cluster of strains specifying mainly <jats:italic>ayw2<\/jats:italic>. This pattern might be explained by part of the Estonian population, has roots east of European Russia, based on linguistic evidence. Eight dominant HBV strains represented by identical S gene sequences were identified, one within genotype A and seven within genotype D, three of which included isolates from Estonia and Siberia. Some of these strains were collected over a period of at least 13 years indicating there are genetically stable variants of HBV that remain conserved over decades. J. Med. Virol. 74:221\u2013227, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,23]],"date-time":"2004-08-23T13:32:11Z","timestamp":1093267931000},"page":"221-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Hepatitis B virus genotype D strains from Estonia share sequence similarity with strains from Siberia and May specify <i>ayw4<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Tallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Norder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Tefanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u00f5nu","family":"Krispin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludmilla","family":"Priim\u00e4gi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Mukomolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Mikhailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars O.","family":"Magnius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-8-2059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"567","volume-title":"The world's major languages","author":"Austerlitz R","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.109.4.842","article-title":"Detection of additional antigenic determinants of hepatitis B antigen","volume":"109","author":"Bancroft WH","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91874-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"133","volume-title":"HBsAg subtypes. 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