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High levels of circulating EBV and activated T\u2010cells are sustained during the prolonged disease course, whereas it is not clear how ectopic EBV infection in T\u2010\/NK\u2010cells has been established and maintained. To assess the biological role of activated T\u2010cells in chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), EBV DNA and cellular gene expressions in peripheral T\u2010cells were quantified in CAEBV and infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients. In CAEBV, HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells had higher viral load and larger amounts of IFN\u03b3, IL\u201010, transforming growth factor\u2010beta (TGF\u03b2), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen\u20104 (CTLA4) mRNA than HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>T\u2010cells. HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells of IM patients transcribed more IFN\u03b3 and IL\u201010 than their HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>T cells. Expression levels of IFN\u03b3 and forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) in CAEBV HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells were higher than in IM HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cells. The effective variables to discriminate the positivity of HLA\u2010DR were IL\u201010, IFN\u03b3, CTLA4, TGF\u03b2, and IL\u20102 in the order of statistical weight. EBV load in CAEBV T\u2010cells correlated with the expression levels of only IL\u201010 and TGF\u03b2. These results suggest that CAEBV T\u2010cells are activated to transcribe <jats:italic>IFN\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL\u201010<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>TGF\u03b2<\/jats:italic> excessively, and the latter two genes are expressed preferentially in the EBV\u2010infected subsets. The dominant expression of regulatory cytokines in T\u2010cells may imply a viral evasion mechanism in the disease. J. Med. Virol. 74:449\u2013458, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T16:02:06Z","timestamp":1095177726000},"page":"449-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Dominant expression of interleukin\u201010 and transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 genes in activated T\u2010cells of chronic active epstein\u2013barr virus 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