{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:38:35Z","timestamp":1762270715332},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]],"date-time":"2005-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in French Guiana between April and July 2003, with approximately 6,000 cases in the two major cities Kourou and Cayenne. Since acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is not a notifiable disease in France, there was no registration of the number of cases. Therefore, these were estimated by comparing the consumption of antibiotic eye drops and ophthalmic ointments during 2002 and 2003. The outbreak rapidly spread into the Caribbean Islands, causing an outbreak in Guadeloupe in October. Viral isolates from conjunctival swabs of 16 patients were confirmed to be enterovirus by PCR directed to the 5\u2032 UTR of the genome. The isolates could not be neutralized by the Melnick intersecting pools, but were shown to be CV\u2010A24 variant by limited sequencing within the VP1 and 3C regions of 12 strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were similar to the genotype III strains causing outbreaks in Korea 2002 and Malaysia 2003. The previous outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by CV\u2010A24 in the Caribbean in the 1980s was also introduced from Asia, and disappeared after 3 years. This new introduction from Asia and its rapid spread into the Caribbean, where the infection disappeared after a few months, indicates that the CV\u2010A24 variant has a different epidemiological pattern in this region compared to South East Asia, since it has not established an endemic infection. It had to be reintroduced from Asia, where it has been circulating since the 1970s. J. Med. Virol. 75:559\u2013565, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]],"date-time":"2005-02-16T01:20:31Z","timestamp":1108516831000},"page":"559-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in French Guiana and West Indies caused by coxsackievirus A24 variant: Phylogenetic analysis reveals Asian import"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Cartet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Huguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"L\u00e9v\u00eaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Morvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Vanderkerckhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Ferret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Lina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Jacques","family":"Chomel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Norder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000400006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"A coxsackievirus type A24 epidemic conjunctivitis in Brunei","volume":"7","author":"Bahrin MA","year":"1976","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"878","article-title":"Epidemic acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to Coxsackie virus A24 variant in Ghana","volume":"67","author":"Brandful JA","year":"1990","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1989.tb00561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.54.9.628"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Les virus responsables de conjonctivities h\u00e9morragiques \u00e9pid\u00e9miques","volume":"233","author":"Chomel JJ","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lyon M\u00e9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"FelsensteinJ.1993.PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.5c. Distributed by the author. Seattle: Department of Genetics University of Washington."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13391-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"An outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Melaka, Malaysia","volume":"44","author":"Ghazali O","year":"2003","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Viral diseases of the eye","author":"Hierholzer JC","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571927"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.5.1160-1166.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1046"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.3002-3006.1996","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of a commercially available PCR assay in a panel of cerebrospinal fluid specimens","volume":"34","author":"Lina B","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000148892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000149850"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.41.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"MMWR\u2014Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak caused by coxsackievirus A24\u2014Puerto Rico.2003. Vol 53 No 28; 632\u20107\/23\/2004.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/PDF\/wk\/mm5328.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1170-1174.2000","article-title":"Comparison of classic and molecular approaches for the identification of \u2018untypeable\u2019 enteroviruses","volume":"38","author":"Oberste MS","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"1737","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis\u2014St Croix, US Virgin Islands, September\u2013October 1998","volume":"280","author":"Poblete J","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"ProMED\u2010Mail.2003.International Society for Infectious DiseasesWeb site. Archive no. 20020827.5167. Published 27 August 2002. Cited Feb 5 2003. Available from: URL:http:\/\/www.promedmail. org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, University of Tokyo press","author":"Santos ECO","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A coxsackievirus type A24 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis","volume":"7","author":"Yin\u2010Murphy M","year":"1976","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.20304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.20304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T04:27:12Z","timestamp":1700195232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.20304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.20304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.20304","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]}}}