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In the year 2001, the first cases of HTLV\u2010I infection acquired through organ transplantation from one asymptomatic carrier were reported in Europe. All three organ recipients developed a subacute myelopathy shortly after transplantation. This report rose the question about whether to implement universal anti\u2010HTLV screening of all organ donors or selective screening of donors from endemic areas for HTLV\u2010I infection should be carried out. A national survey was conducted thereafter in which anti\u2010HTLV antibodies were tested in 1,298 organ transplant donors and 493 potential recipients. None was seropositive for HTLV\u2010I and only one recipient, a former intravenous (i.v.) drug user, was found to be infected with HTLV\u2010II. In a different survey, HTLV screening was conducted in 1,079 immigrants and 5 (0.5%) were found to be asymptomatic HTLV\u2010I carriers. All came from endemic areas for HTLV\u2010I infection. No cases of HTLV\u2010II infection were found among immigrants. These results support the current policy of mandatory testing of anti\u2010HTLV antibodies in Spain only among organ transplant donors coming from HTLV\u2010I endemic areas or with a highly suspicion of HTLV\u2010I infection. J. Med. Virol. 76:268\u2013270, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]],"date-time":"2005-04-15T22:49:01Z","timestamp":1113605341000},"page":"268-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Infection with human T lymphotropic virus type I in organ transplant donors and recipients in 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