{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:11:37Z","timestamp":1789999897283,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,23]],"date-time":"2005-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1119484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surveillance of acute hepatitis has been set up in two fever hospitals in Cairo to diagnose acute hepatitis C. Patients were categorized as definite acute hepatitis C with positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and without anti\u2010HCV antibody, or probable acute hepatitis C with positive HCV RNA, positive anti\u2010HCV antibody, alanine aminotransferase \u22654 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), and high risk parenteral exposure in the 1\u20133 months prior to the beginning of symptoms. From May to November 2002, 315 patients were recruited in the study. Of these, 115 (36.5%) had acute hepatitis A, 89 (28.3%) had acute hepatitis B, and 111 (35.2%) had non\u2010A non\u2010B acute hepatitis. Of the total with complete data (n\u2009=\u2009309), 12 (3.9%, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.0%\u20136.7%) had definite acute hepatitis C, and 11 (3.6%, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.8%\u20136.3%) had probable acute hepatitis C. In patients with definite acute hepatitis C, dental exposure (n\u2009=\u20095) and intravenous drug use (n\u2009=\u20092), were the only high risk procedures found in the 6 months prior to diagnosis. Five patients had no identifiable parenteral exposure. In conclusion, results from this study suggest that acute hepatitis C can be diagnosed by surveillance of acute hepatitis in hospital settings in Cairo and that minor community exposures contribute substantially to local HCV transmission. J. Med. Virol. 76:520\u2013525, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,24]],"date-time":"2005-06-24T00:16:49Z","timestamp":1119572209000},"page":"520-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Surveillance of acute hepatitis C in Cairo, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Maha M.","family":"El Gaafary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Rekacewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira Gamal","family":"Abdel\u2010Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Farouk","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"El Hosseiny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Abdel","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Colombani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehia","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"El\u2010Aidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Fontanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa Kamal","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Optimization, assessment, and proposed use of a direct nested RT\u2010PCR for the detection of hepatitis C virus","volume":"1","author":"Abdel\u2010Hamid M","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hum Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-5-1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)06527-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.20797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011232"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.10.1640"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018897813268"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315786"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00468-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8169"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"The etiology of acute hepatitis in adults in Egypt","volume":"40","author":"Zakaria S","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.20392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.20392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T09:59:09Z","timestamp":1712743149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.20392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,23]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.20392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.20392","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,23]]}}}