{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T17:59:26Z","timestamp":1775152766403,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viral tropism plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis. However, its correlation with the clinical outcome and following exposure to antiretroviral drugs are still unclear. HIV\u20101 co\u2010receptor usage was examined in 206 infected individuals: 67 seroconverters, 52 chronically drug\u2010na\u00efve, and 87 antiretroviral\u2010experienced patients. The V3 loop was sequenced from plasma HIV\u2010RNA and co\u2010receptor usage was inferred using a phenotype predictor software (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/genomiac2.ucsd.edu:8080\/wetcat\/v3.html\">http:\/\/genomiac2.ucsd.edu:8080\/wetcat\/v3.html<\/jats:ext-link>), which classifies V3 sequences as R5 or X4. The overall prevalence of X4 viruses was 26.2%, with significant differences among groups: 13.4% in seroconverters, 25% in drug\u2010na\u00efve, and 36.8% in antiretroviral\u2010 experienced patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). The presence of X4 variants in the latter group was associated with higher viral load (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) but not with lower CD4 counts. There was no association between HIV tropism and gender, transmission route or age. Neither with the CCR5 \u039432 genotype. Moreover, no association was found between HIV\u20101 tropism and drug resistance mutations nor with failure to regimens based on either protease inhibitors or non\u2010nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Finally, no significant association was found between IL\u20107 plasma levels with HIV\u20101 tropism. In summary, X4 viruses are particularly frequent among antiretroviral\u2010experienced patients with high viral loads, irrespective of the CD4 count. Thus, CCR5 antagonists should be used with special caution in this subset of patients. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1040\u20131046, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T16:22:32Z","timestamp":1182961352000},"page":"1040-1046","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Prevalence of X4 tropic HIV\u20101 variants in patients with differences in disease stage and exposure to antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Poveda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Briz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"de Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Corral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Zahonero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Lahoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/34571"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040874"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/431519"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200110190-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025325718213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/496982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381661a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381667a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5263.872"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GarridoC ChuecaN AguileraA SkrabalK PovedaE ZahoneroN CarlosS GarciaF FaudonJL de Mendoza SorianoV.2007.Prevalence of X4 viruses in patients infected with HIV\u20101 non\u2010B subtypes. 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Los Angeles CA. 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