{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:57:44Z","timestamp":1791107864647,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]],"date-time":"2007-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>GB virus\u2010B (GBV\u2010B) is the virus most closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Thus, we have used GBV\u2010B infection of tamarins, which develop acute hepatitis following experimental infection, as a surrogate model to study protective immunity. As challenge virus, we first produced a GBV\u2010B pool from an infected tamarin, which was not infected with the related GBV\u2010A viruses. Its infectivity titer was 10<jats:sup>6.6<\/jats:sup> tamarin 50% infectious doses per ml. Next, two tamarins that were convalescent from recombinant GBV\u2010B infection were re\u2010challenged. In the original infection viremia persisted for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively, and both animals developed moderately severe hepatitis. Each tamarin was re\u2010challenged four times with 10<jats:sup>4.3<\/jats:sup> tamarin 50% infectious doses of the GBV\u2010B challenge virus. In one animal, each re\u2010challenge produced 1\u20132 weeks of viremia; hepatitis was observed following the first re\u2010challenge. In the other animal, however, only the first re\u2010challenge produced viremia, lasting 1 week. During the primary infection, peak GBV\u2010B titers were about 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> genome equivalents\/ml in both animals; following re\u2010challenges, peak titers ranged from 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> genome equivalents\/ml. Analysis of the polyprotein sequence of viruses recovered from both animals following the first re\u2010challenge demonstrated that these did not represent immune escape variants since mutations were not detected. Neutralization studies suggested that the immunity was not humoral in nature. We also demonstrated that the immunity was long\u2010lived: 1 year after the fourth challenge, the animal with sterilizing immunity had low titer viremia for only 1 week following an additional challenge. J. Med. Virol. 80:87\u201394, 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]],"date-time":"2007-11-26T16:55:34Z","timestamp":1196096134000},"page":"87-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Immunity against the GBV\u2010B hepatitis virus in tamarins can prevent productive infection following rechallenge and is long\u2010lived"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Bukh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald E.","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugantha","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2335981100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24371"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.24.11764-11772.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"392","volume-title":"Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease","author":"Bukh J","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515683"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9941"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"336","volume-title":"Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease","author":"Bukh J","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri891"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.16.7792"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.26.15394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82467-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"1035","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"Houghton M","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9028","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.9028-9030.1996","article-title":"Species\u2010specific variants of GB virus A in captive monkeys","volume":"70","author":"Leary TP","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.081501.094854"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.13.6586-6595.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1731505100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.9.5621-5630.1995","article-title":"Genomic organization of GB viruses A and B: Two new members of the Flaviviridae associated with GB agent hepatitis","volume":"69","author":"Muerhoff AS","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9389-9399.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-10-2437"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890460117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Diagnostic proceedures for viral, richettsial and chlamydial infections","author":"Schmidt NJ","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.8.3401"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.21013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.21013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T08:40:46Z","timestamp":1700037646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.21013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.21013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21013","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,26]]}}}