{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T06:02:32Z","timestamp":1744178552650},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,29]],"date-time":"2001-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1006992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have investigated the incidence of Norwalk\u2010like viruses (NLVs) associated with outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan, since April 1996 using reverse transcription (RT)\u2010PCR and electron microscopy methods. From the results of the first 3 years, between April 1996 and March 1999, we previously reported that multiple genetic types of NLVs were detected in 71.9% of outbreaks using RT\u2010PCR with Ando's primers except for one outbreak [Iritani et al., <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib12\">2000<\/jats:ext-link>]. However, during the 1999\u20132000 season, NLV outbreak strains, which could not be detected by RT\u2010PCR with Ando's primers, were increased. From probe typing and sequence analysis, 76.9% of these undetectable outbreak strains were classified into the P1\u2010B type and the others were untypeable. These untypeable strains were closely related with Alphatron type strains detected in the Netherlands. The P2\u2010B probe type of the NLV outbreak strains was predominant (88.2%) in the 1999\u20132000 season. The phylogram based on the 81 nucleotide sequences from these P2\u2010B outbreak strains formed 2 clusters closely related with Lordsdale virus. The dominant genetic type of the P2\u2010B outbreak strains, during the 1996\u20131997 season in Osaka City, belonged in one of these 2 clusters. These findings of the emergence of NLVs escaping the RT\u2010PCR method strongly indicated the importance of probe typing and sequence analysis to survey NLV infections. Our surveillance of NLV infection in the outbreaks, for these 4 years, showed that the predominant probe type and dominant genetic type of NLV outbreak strains changed each season. J. Med. Virol. 66:131\u2013138, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,10]],"date-time":"2002-09-10T15:25:40Z","timestamp":1031671540000},"page":"131-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Prevalence of \u201cNorwalk\u2010like virus\u201d infections in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis observed during the 1999\u20132000 season in Osaka city, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Iritani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Haruki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Ayata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01309781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.1.64-71.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.6.1497"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890470416"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315591"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199705)52:1<14::AID-JMV3>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01718228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1991.tb01536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"362","article-title":"Detection 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