{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T19:03:18Z","timestamp":1722884598786},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,19]],"date-time":"2008-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Italy, the prevalence of non\u2010B HIV\u20101 subtypes ranges reportedly from 5.4% to 12.6%, yet there are no data on their circulation in prisons, where the prevalence of HIV infection is high. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the circulation of non\u2010B subtypes and to characterize their determinants in five Italian prisons. To this end an aliquot of samples of blood was taken in the period 2001\u20132006 from all 262 HIV\u2010positive inmates in whom antiretroviral treatment had failed. Complete HIV\u20101 PR and RT regions were sequenced for all samples and subjected to phylogenetic analysis; 250 (95.4%) sequences clustered with subtype B. The non\u2010B subtype was found in 4% of Italian prison inmates and 16.7% of non\u2010Italian prison inmates; the overall percentage increased from 1.8% for inmates infected in 1982\u20131990 to 4.4% in 1991\u20131999 and 21.9% in 2000\u20132006. Factors significantly associated with non\u2010B subtypes were an exposure to other than injecting drug use and a first positive HIV test in 2000\u20132006. Non\u2010B subtypes were distributed within five monophyletic clades. In all cases but one, it was possible to correlate the history of HIV\u2010exposure to the origin of the clade, with high bootstrap values. In conclusion, although the sample may not be representative of the prison inmate population in Italy, the data suggest strongly that the circulation of non\u2010B subtypes has apparently increased. Non\u2010B subtypes were found to have been associated with heterosexual contact and time of the first HIV\u2010positive test. Knowledge of the different subtypes circulating in prisons may be useful for tracking the epidemiology of HIV infection and for choosing antiretroviral therapy. J. Med. Virol. 80:1689\u20131694, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,21]],"date-time":"2008-08-21T15:32:09Z","timestamp":1219332729000},"page":"1689-1694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HIV\u20101 diversity among inmates of Italian prisons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Novati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Montieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Pontali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Taglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Babudieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Starnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Monarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Suligoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Rezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Ciccozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Italian Study Group on HIV in Prison (ISGHP)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70662-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199809000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200108150-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"HIV transmission among male inmates in a state prison system\u2013Georgia, 1992\u20132005","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Dynamics of the HIV\u20101 variability in adults from Bucharest, 1992\u20101998","volume":"50","author":"Chi\u0163u V","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rom J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32813aee1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"COA\u2010Centro Operativo AIDS.2007.Aggiornamento dei casi di AIDS notificati in Italia e delle nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV al 31 Dicembre 2006. 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