{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T14:17:00Z","timestamp":1718979420437},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]],"date-time":"2008-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noroviruses constitute a genetically diverse group of viruses in the <jats:italic>Caliciviridae<\/jats:italic> family, and are recognized as an important cause of acute non\u2010bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. To date there are no data on the incidence of noroviruses as a cause of gastroenteritis in Bulgaria. Fecal samples from an outbreak, and sporadic cases of diarrhea that occurred between December 2006 and April 2007 were tested for the presence of noroviruses. From a total of 474 stools (341 from sporadic cases and 133 cases from a single outbreak) examined, 72 samples (37 from sporadic cases and 35 from the outbreak) were positive using a norovirus\u2010specific enzyme immunoassay. Fifty\u2010nine specimens were confirmed and genotyped by RT\u2010PCR and sequencing of regions of the RNA\u2010dependent RNA polymerase and\/or capsid. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 29 norovirus strains revealed a great diversity of norovirus genotypes among the sporadic cases including: GGII.3, GGII.4\/2006a, GGII.4\/2006b, GGII.20, and GGII.Karachi. A single norovirus genotype (GGII.4\/2006b) was identified as the causative agent of the outbreak. This first investigation on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of noroviruses demonstrates the significant role of these viruses as etiologic agents in acute gastroenteritis in Bulgaria. J. Med. Virol. 80:2161\u20132168, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]],"date-time":"2008-10-21T13:54:44Z","timestamp":1224597284000},"page":"2161-2168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of noroviruses detected in outbreak and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in Bulgaria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Zornitsa","family":"Mladenova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neli","family":"Korsun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsvetelina","family":"Geonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Di Bartolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco Maria","family":"Ruggeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001485"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0290-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2006.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.9.3055-3058.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2854-2859.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.327-333.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321875"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.3950-3957.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2046"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804003619"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-0954-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00214-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"949","volume-title":"Field's virology","author":"Green K","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1305-1307.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008059","article-title":"Structured surveillance of infantile gastroenteritis in East Anglia, UK: Incidence of infection with common viral gastroenteric pathogens","volume":"136","author":"Iturriza G\u00f3mara M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"070517.5","article-title":"Large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Samokov Region, Bulgaria, February 2007","volume":"12","author":"Kamenov G","year":"2007","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2722-2724.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(01)00404-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"E060706.5","article-title":"European investigation into recent norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships: Update","volume":"11","author":"Koopmans M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"E061214","article-title":"Increase in norovirus activity reported in Europe","volume":"11","author":"Kroneman A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20066"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01327-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1086-1092.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020184"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15641-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20723"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.070121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"256","volume-title":"Distribution of diarrheal viruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Bulgaria","author":"Mladenova Z","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423324"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3857-3859.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00674-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.02.08009-en","article-title":"Food\u2010borne Viruses in Europe network. Food\u2010borne viruses in Europe network report: The norovirus GII.4 2006b (for US named Minerva\u2010like, for Japan Kobe034\u2010like, for UK V6) variant now dominant in early seasonal surveillance","volume":"13","author":"Siebenga J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02305-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500940"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00023-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00126-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.3.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1423-1433.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2003.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040426"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.015"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.21307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.21307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:28:05Z","timestamp":1700008085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.21307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.21307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]]}}}