{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:18:11Z","timestamp":1788347891506,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]],"date-time":"2008-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in non\u2010human primates such as chimpanzees are no longer possible due to ethical considerations and the endangered status of chimpanzees since April 2007 in Japan. A human hepatocyte transplanted chimeric mouse was used to characterize HBV infectivity in serial stages of acute infection. Chimeric mice were inoculated intravenously with serum samples obtained from an experimentally infected chimpanzee with HBV. Sera from the pre\u2010acute phases (i.e., rump\u2010up viremia prior to anti\u2010HBc) and late acute phases (i.e., declining phase of HBsAg and anti\u2010HBcAb positive) were collected from the chimpanzees 57 and 244 days after inoculation. These sera contained 2.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> and 2.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> copies\/ml of HBV DNA, respectively. Three chimeric mice inoculated intravenously with 100 \u00b5l of pre\u2010acute serum (equivalent to 10<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> copy of HBV DNA) developed an HBV infection. The three chimeric mice that received 100 \u00b5l of pre\u2010acute serum (equivalent to 10<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> copies of HBV DNA), developed high levels of serum HBV DNA. None of the three chimeric mice inoculated with 100 \u00b5l of 1:10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> dilution (equivalent to 10<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> copies of HBV DNA) of late\u2010acute serum was infected, while only one of three chimeric mice inoculated with 100 \u00b5l of 1:10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> dilution (equivalent to 10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> copies of HBV DNA) of late\u2010acute serum developed an HBV infection. Based on these results, chimeric mice can be used as animal models for the study of HBV infectivity, pathogenesis and control. The results show that pre\u2010acute phase HBV serum is about 100\u2010times more infectious than late acute phase serum. J. Med. Virol. 80:2064\u20132068, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]],"date-time":"2008-10-21T13:54:44Z","timestamp":1224597284000},"page":"2064-2068","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Titration of hepatitis B virus infectivity in the sera of pre\u2010acute and late acute phases of HBV infection: Transmission experiments to chimeric mice with human liver repopulated hepatocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ayako","family":"Tabuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Mizui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harumichi","family":"Matsukura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Yugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzo","family":"Miyakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.23314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90010-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.24.2.352-356.1979","article-title":"Hepatitis B e\u2010antigen and its correlation with other serological markers in chimpanzees","volume":"24","author":"Ling CM","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20657"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508913102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.42.2.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2001.41030329.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8108734"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21584"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63352-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(06)80010-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.21320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.21320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:28:08Z","timestamp":1700008088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.21320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.21320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]]}}}