{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:18:29Z","timestamp":1789708709066,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of VCA IgG in the absence of VCA IgM and EBNA\u20101 IgG antibodies makes classifying EBV infection more difficult as this serological picture can be seen in the case of past infection with EBNA\u20101 IgG loss or non\u2010appearance, or acute infections with the early disappearance or delayed onset of VCA IgM. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of this pattern in 2,422 outpatients with suspected EBV infection examined in 2005\u20132006, and to interpret its significance by means of immunoblotting. One hundred and seventy\u2010seven (7.3%) of the patients were VCA IgG\u2010positive, VCA IgM\u2010negative and EBNA\u20101 IgG\u2010negative, 15 of whom (8.5%) presented with heterophile antibodies. Analysis by age class showed that the prevalence of isolated VCA IgG ranged from 4.5% in the subjects aged 1\u201310 years to 9% in those aged &gt;60 years. Immunoblotting allowed 18.9% of the cases to be classified as acute and 81.1% as past infections, the latter being observed in about 37% of the patients aged less than 10 years and in 100% of those aged &gt;30 years. Therefore, in our case series, the presence of isolated VCA IgG was associated usually with past infection, particularly among adults. In children aged less than 10 years, it was associated mainly with acute infection but as past infection may be present in about one\u2010third of such children, this possibility should not be overlooked. J. Med. Virol. 81:325\u2013331, 2009. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T22:39:04Z","timestamp":1230071944000},"page":"325-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Seroepidemiology of EBV and interpretation of the \u201cisolated VCA IgG\u201d pattern"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"De Paschale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Agrappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Manco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Mirri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egidio Franco","family":"Vigan\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierangelo","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"The rational basis for efficient Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) serology","volume":"41","author":"Bauer G","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Simplicity through complexity: Immunoblot with recombinant antigens as the new gold standard in Epstein\u2010Barr virus serology","volume":"47","author":"Bauer G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.11.4152-4154;2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EpsteinMA AchongBG.The EBV virus.1973.Annu Rev Microbiol27:413\u2013436.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.27.100173.002213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3237-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Evaluation of four commercially available Epstein\u2010Barr virus enzyme immunoassay with an immunofluorescence assay as the reference method","volume":"10","author":"G\u00e4rtner BC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.2.570"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3381-3387.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.5.2979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3046.2002.02043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determination of antibodies directed specifically against Epstein\u2010Barr virus nuclear antigen\u20101 (EBNA\u20101) by anticomplementary immunofluorescence (ACIF)","volume":"2","author":"Kampmann M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Diagnostic procedures for viral, rickettsial, and chlamydial infections","author":"Lennette ET","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03260091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5936.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"2575","volume-title":"Field virology","author":"Rickinson AB","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Variability of humoral immune response to acute Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) infection: Evaluation of the significance of serological markers","volume":"2","author":"Schillinger M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02122009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0197(98)00061-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Infectious mononucleosis","volume":"3","author":"Steven NM","year":"1996","journal-title":"EBV Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.11.2728-2732.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.9.5307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0197(94)90033-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.21373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.21373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T21:23:53Z","timestamp":1699910633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.21373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.21373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]}}}