{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:28:26Z","timestamp":1764602906032},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]],"date-time":"2009-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microvascular plasma leakage is the hallmark of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The precise molecular mechanisms leading to microvascular leakage are yet to be determined, but dengue virus (DENV) infection and consequent endothelial cell death has been suggested as its major cause. However, the extent of endothelial cell permissiveness to DENV infection and the magnitude of cell death following DENV infection are controversial. To clarify this issue, we analyzed the kinetics and consequences of DENV infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using a novel molecularly cloned DENV2\u201016681 virus. Viral replication was detected as early as 24 hr post\u2010infection by RT\u2010PCR and plaque assays. However, merely 2% of HUVEC were DENV antigen\u2010positive even after 96 hr of infection as measured by the FACS indirect immunofluorescence assays. Unlike monocytes\/macrophages, HUVEC did not support antibody dependent enhancement of dengue viral infection due to a lack of Fc\u03b3RI and Fc\u03b3RII. Furthermore, DENV infection did not increase HUVEC apoptosis as compared to mock\u2010infected cells. Because in vitro only a small percentage of endothelial cells were productively infected in vitro with no significant apoptosis occurring in either infected or bystander cells, it would be important to re\u2010examine whether direct dengue viral infection of endothelium is the major cause of the extensive vascular leakage observed in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. J. Med. Virol. 81:519\u2013528, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,17]],"date-time":"2009-01-17T01:58:33Z","timestamp":1232157513000},"page":"519-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Primary human endothelial cells support direct but not antibody\u2010dependent enhancement of dengue viral infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Maria T.","family":"Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Simpson\u2010Haidaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob J.","family":"Schlesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(99)00203-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.20.3.776-781.1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6338","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.11.6338","article-title":"Dengue virus infection of human endothelial cells leads to chemokine production, complement activation, and apoptosis","volume":"161","author":"Avirutnan P","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01568-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.11.5588-5597.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02575-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01257-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000168573.10844.ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83356-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.7814-7823.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427784"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518148"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1993.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.Supplement_4.S700"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.4.1549","article-title":"Dermal microvascular endothelial cells express CD32 receptors in vivo and in vitro","volume":"156","author":"Groger M","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"The togaviruses\u2014Biology, structure, replication","author":"Halstead SB","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.239.4839.476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.Supplement_4.S830"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Observations related to the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. II. Antigenic and biologic properties of dengue viruses and their association with disease response in the host","volume":"42","author":"Halstead S","year":"1970","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.63.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8500"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1990.6.993","article-title":"Antibody\u2010enhanced infection of monocytes as the pathogenetic mechanism for severe dengue illness","volume":"6","author":"Kliks S","year":"1990","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.444"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.9.7357-7366.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.11.3928-3933.1988","article-title":"Gamma interferon augments Fc gamma receptor\u2010mediated dengue virus infection of human monocytic cells","volume":"62","author":"Kontny U","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82093-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.6.4738-4747.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2005.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.8.3183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.6.1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20532"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00792-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Expression of IgG Fc receptor antigens in placenta and on endothelial cells in humans","volume":"138","author":"Sedmak DD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19652-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.95.1.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11822-11832.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0703-820"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"Prospects for a dengue virus vaccine","volume":"5","author":"Whitehead SS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.21408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.21408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T17:24:07Z","timestamp":1699896247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.21408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.21408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,16]]}}}