{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:51:44Z","timestamp":1779144704387,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,23]],"date-time":"2009-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Travel influences the spread of non\u2010B subtypes of HIV in Europe. The aim of this study was to assess whether the spread of non\u2010B subtypes occurred in Croatia, a country with a low level HIV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the reverse transcriptase and protease genes was undertaken in 145 Croatian patients with the following risks for HIV\u2010infection: men who have sex with men (n\u2009=\u200964), heterosexual contact (n\u2009=\u200954), intravenous drug use (n\u2009=\u200921), bisexual contact (n\u2009=\u20094) and intravenous drug use plus heterosexual exposure (n\u2009=\u20092). The sample included 25 seamen and 13 steady female sexual partners of seamen. Overall, 38 (26%) of HIV\u2010patients were infected with non\u2010B subtypes. Non\u2010B subtype infections were found only in patients with a possible heterosexual exposure. Non\u2010B infections were most frequent in seamen and their regular female partners (in 27 of 38 seamen and their partners, 71%). The relative distribution of non\u2010B subtypes was as follows: A, 8%; C, 26%; F, 3%; CRF01_AE, 8%; CRF02_AG, 34%; CRF05_DF, 5%; CRF06_cpx, 3%; CRF10_CD 8%; and subtype U, 5%. There were altogether 19 heterosexual couples, phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the paired samples were related in all cases. Non\u2010B subtypes were found only in individuals with a heterosexual risk, mainly in seamen and their partners. J. Med. Virol. 81:573\u2013577, 2009 \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,23]],"date-time":"2009-02-23T19:46:09Z","timestamp":1235418369000},"page":"573-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["High prevalence of non\u2010B HIV\u20101 subtypes in seamen and their sexual partners in Croatia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Martha Kathleen","family":"Ramirez\u2010Piedad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Snje\u017eana 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