{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:25:33Z","timestamp":1792178733013,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,24]],"date-time":"2009-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regulatory T cells (T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub>) provide a balance to immune T cell activation thereby protecting the body from pathogen\u2010induced immunopathology. Several persistent viruses induce T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> that subvert protective immune mechanisms and promote viral persistence. Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) generally infects children subclinically and persists thereafter, but primary infection in early adulthood may cause immunopathological damage manifest as infectious mononucleosis. In this study the role of T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> was investigated in acute infectious mononucleosis and healthy EBV seropositive donors. The proportion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> T cells in blood from infectious mononucleosis patients was significantly lower than in seropositive donors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05). Using the FOXP3 marker for T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> the same frequency and extra\u2010follicular distribution of T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> was noted in infectious mononucleosis and control tonsils. Regulatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)\u201010 and transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b2, were significantly raised in infectious mononucleosis compared to seropositive donor plasma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0004 respectively) although levels of IL\u201010 peaked earlier in infectious mononucleosis than TGF\u2010\u03b2. Previous studies identified EBV latent membrane protein (LMP)\u20101\u2010induced T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> activity [Marshall et al. (2003): J Immunol 170:6183\u20136189; Marshall et al. (2007): Brit J Haematol 139:81\u201389], and in this study a significant reduction in interferon\u2010\u03b3 production was found from infectious mononucleosis but not seropositive donor lymphocytes after stimulation with a recall antigen when LMP\u20101 peptide PRG was added (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). It is possible that T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> are important in controlling primary EBV infection to a subclinical level in most cases and that infectious mononucleosis represents a failure of this protective mechanism. J. Med. Virol. 81:870\u2013877, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,24]],"date-time":"2009-03-24T15:42:51Z","timestamp":1237909371000},"page":"870-877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Regulatory T cell activity in primary and persistent Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"P.J.","family":"Wingate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.A.","family":"McAulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.C.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.H.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.5.2454-2459.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"T cell cytokine profile during primary Epstein\u2010Barr virus infection (infectious mononucleosis)","volume":"14","author":"Attarbaschi T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7860-7867.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0896-906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"High TH1\u2010type cytokine serum levels in patients with infectious mononucleosis","volume":"48","author":"Corsi MM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.3.707.707"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.12.6183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32377"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2006.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2161559"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0804-801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2552"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421276"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.21445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.21445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:04Z","timestamp":1699920004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.21445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,24]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.21445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21445","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,24]]}}}