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Female university students were recruited from 1990 to 2004. Cervical samples for HPV DNA, HPV mRNA, and Papanicolaou testing were collected tri\u2010annually, and women were referred for colposcopically directed biopsy when indicated. Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction of L1 and E7 DNA and E7 mRNA was performed on samples from women with HPV\u201016 and HPV\u201018 infections that were incidently detected by consensus PCR. Adjusting for other HPV types, increasing E7 cervical HPV\u201016 mRNA levels at the time of incident HPV\u201016 DNA detection were associated with an increased risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2\u20133 (HR per 1 log<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> increase in mRNA\u2009=\u20096.36, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.00\u201320.23). Increasing HPV\u201016 mRNA levels were also associated with an increased risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions; the risk was highest at the incident positive visit and decreased over time. Neither HPV\u201016 E7 DNA levels nor HPV\u201018 E7 DNA nor mRNA levels were significantly associated with cervical lesion development. Report of &gt;1 new partner in the past 8 months (relative to no new partners) was associated with increased HPV mRNA (viral level ratio [VLR]\u2009=\u200910.05, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.09\u201392.56) and increased HPV DNA (VLR\u2009=\u200916.80, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.46\u2013193.01). In newly detected HPV\u201016 infections, increasing levels of E7 mRNA appear to be associated with an increased risk of developing cervical pre\u2010cancer. J. Med. Virol. 81:713\u2013721, 2009 \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,23]],"date-time":"2009-02-23T19:46:09Z","timestamp":1235418369000},"page":"713-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Quantitative human papillomavirus 16 and 18 levels in incident infections and cervical lesion development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Winer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany G.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long Fu","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin U.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James 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