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The HRV pathogenic role in four groups of hospitalized patients (pediatric immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and adult immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients) was investigated by quantifying HRV load in nasopharyngeal aspirates or bronchoalveolar lavage samples by real\u2010time reverse transcription PCR (RT\u2010PCR). Real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR was performed in duplicate on all respiratory samples resulting positive by qualitative RT\u2010PCR. In addition, molecular typing allowed detection of all known HRV species (A, B, and C). In immunocompetent pediatric patients HRVs were mostly associated with lower respiratory tract infections (in the absence of other viral agents) and wheezing, when viral load was \u226510<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u2009RNA copies\/ml. In young immunocompromised patients (stem cell transplantation recipients), an inverse correlation between HRV persistence over time and time at which the infection occurred after transplantation was observed, whereas in adult immunocompromised patients (lung transplant recipients) HRVs could be detected at a medium\u2013low level (&lt;10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\u2009RNA copies\/ml) in bronchoalveolar lavage samples taken routinely from asymptomatic patients. In conclusion, when detected at high viral load, HRVs may cause severe upper and lower respiratory tract infections, whereas when detected at a medium\u2013low viral load, an event more frequent in immunocompromised subjects, they may represent only bystander viruses. J. Med. Virol. 81:1498\u20131507, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]],"date-time":"2009-06-23T16:22:45Z","timestamp":1245774165000},"page":"1498-1507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Correlation of rhinovirus load in the respiratory tract and clinical symptoms in hospitalized immunocompetent and immunocompromised 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