{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1793149762034,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,19]],"date-time":"2010-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1271635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) is spread universally in humans, and it causes infectious mononucleosis and sometimes induces serious EBV\u2010associated disease. The detailed mechanism of primary infection in humans has remained unclear, because it is difficult to examine the dynamics of EBV in vivo. In this study, a natural EBV\u2010infection rabbit model by intranasal or peroral inoculation is described. Ten male rabbits were examined for EBV\u2010DNA or mRNA expression and anti\u2010EBV antibodies in blood. Four of 10 rabbits showed the evidence of EBV infection; detection of EBV\u2010DNA or EBV\u2010related genes mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increased EBV antibodies in the plasma, and the presence of lymphocytes expressing EBER1 and EBV\u2010related gene proteins in the lymphoid tissues of a rabbit. Three of four infected rabbits were detected transiently EBV\u2010DNA and\/or mRNA of EBV\u2010related genes such as EBNA1, EBNA2, BZLF1, and EA in blood, while in one of four, EBV\u2010DNA and\/or mRNA were detected for more than 200 days after viral inoculation. The level of EA\u2010IgG increased and its level was maintained in all infected rabbits, whereas those of VCA\u2010IgM and VCA\u2010IgG increased transiently, and EBNA\u2010IgG was not elevated. Pathological examination of a rabbit infected transiently revealed some scattered lymphocytes expressing EBER1, LMP1, and EBNA2 in the spleen and lymph nodes. EA expression was also observed in the spleen. These findings suggest that EBV can infect the rabbit by the intranasal or peroral route, and that this rabbit model is useful for examining the pathophysiology of natural primary EBV infection in humans. J. Med. Virol. 82:977\u2013986, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,19]],"date-time":"2010-04-19T18:08:41Z","timestamp":1271700521000},"page":"977-986","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Epstein\u2013Barr virus can infect rabbits by the intranasal or peroral route: An animal model for natural primary EBV infection in humans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Okuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Hyuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kuwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Sairenji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Kanzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"855","article-title":"Role 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