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The study was based on a population\u2010based prospective cohort study of women aged 20\u201329 years. Participants were interviewed and underwent two gynecological examinations 2 years apart. Women with Hybrid Capture 2 results at enrolment and a follow\u2010up visit were included in the analysis (n\u2009=\u20097,418). Persistence was defined as positivity for the same high\u2010risk HPV type at both examinations. Overall, 4.2% of the women had persistent HPV infection, accounting for 26.9% of the initially HPV\u2010positive women. HPV 16, HPV 58, and HPV 31, all from species group alpha 9, were the most persistent types; however, other high\u2010risk HPV types that are detected rarely in cancer cases were also likely to persist. The number of high\u2010risk HPV types and detection of HPV 16 infection at baseline and ever use of oral contraceptives increased the risk for persistence. The risk factor analyses also showed that use of an intrauterine device decreased the risk for persistent high\u2010risk HPV infection among women with one high\u2010risk HPV type at baseline. No association was found with viral load or smoking. In conclusion, persistent high\u2010risk HPV infection, especially HPV 16 persistence, was common among women positive for high\u2010risk HPV. J. Med. 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