{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:46:45Z","timestamp":1791398805396,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1290556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The discovery of human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human Bocavirus (hBoV) identified the etiological causes of several cases of acute respiratory tract infections in children. This report describes the molecular epidemiology of hMPV and hBoV infections observed following viral surveillance of children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Milan, Italy. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from 240 children \u22643 years of age (130 males, 110 females; median age, 5.0 months; IQR, 2.0\u201312.5 months) and tested for respiratory viruses, including hMPV and hBoV, by molecular methods. hMPV\u2010RNA and hBoV\u2010DNA positive samples were characterized molecularly and a phylogenetical analysis was performed. PCR analysis identified 131\/240 (54.6%) samples positive for at least one virus. The frequency of hMPV and hBoV infections was similar (8.3% and 12.1%, respectively). Both infections were associated with lower respiratory tract infections: hMPV was present as a single infectious agent in 7.2% of children with bronchiolitis, hBoV was associated with 18.5% of pediatric pneumonias and identified frequently as a single etiological agent. Genetically distinct hMPV and hBoV strains were identified in children examined with respiratory tract infections. Phylogenetic analysis showed an increased prevalence of hMPV genotype A (A2b sublineage) compared to genotype B (80% vs. 20%, respectively) and of the hBoV genotype St2 compared to genotype St1 (71.4% vs. 28.6%, respectively). Interestingly, a shift in hMPV infections resulting from A2 strains has been observed in recent years. In addition, the occurrence of recombination events between two hBoV strains with a breakpoint located in the VP1\/VP2 region was identified. J. Med. Virol. 83:156\u2013164, 2011. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T13:59:42Z","timestamp":1290607182000},"page":"156-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Co\u2010circulation of genetically distinct human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus strains in young children with respiratory tract infections in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Zappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Canuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Perin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lorena","family":"Ruzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Podest\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Amendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Tanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1191-1195.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504666102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(00)00269-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.051424"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.031097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31817acfaa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-008-0067-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"DeanAG SullivanKM SoeMM.2009.OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health Version 2.3. Update 2009\/20\/05. Available at:http:\/\/www.openepi.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000331","article-title":"Coronaviruses in brain tissue from patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"101","author":"Dessau RB","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.5.1388-1391.1998","article-title":"Simultaneous detection and identification of human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 from clinical samples by multiplex PCR","volume":"36","author":"Echevarr\u00eda JE","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000207480.55201.f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-001-0399-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.050050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.050772"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890400204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652416"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999","article-title":"Full\u2010length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome from subtype C\u2010infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination","volume":"73","author":"Lole KS","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.2987-2991.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor\u2010joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou N","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00030-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83255-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.051616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Performance testing of two new one\u2010step real time PCR assays for detection of human influenza and avian influenza viruses isolated in humans and respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"47","author":"Valle L","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1004.030393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181757b16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0242-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2009.Acute Respiratory Infections (Update February 2009). Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/vaccine_research\/diseases\/ari\/en\/index.html."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.21940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.21940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T17:07:36Z","timestamp":1700672856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.21940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.21940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21940","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]}}}