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Therefore, a preliminary study was performed to analyze HBV X gene diversity in 17 HBV\/HIV co\u2010infected individuals. Phylogenetic analysis revealed HBV genotype A in 13 individuals (76.5%) or genotype E in 1 individual (5.9%). Additionally, 3 individuals were dually infected with HBV genotypes A and G (17.6%). Overall, higher genetic distance and entropy were observed in the X region and overlapping polymerase (Pol(X)) regions when compared to the PreS, S, and overlapping polymerase (Pol(PS) and Pol(S)) regions analyzed in the same patients as part of a previous study. In addition, multiple viral variants from 2 individuals with dual HBV infection did not group with either genotype A or G by phylogenetic analysis, indicating possible recombination. SimPlot bootscan analysis confirmed recombination breakpoints within the X gene in both individuals. Recombination between HBV genotypes may represent an important evolutionary strategy that enhances overall pathogenic potential and\/or alters the downstream effects of the HBV X protein. J. Med. Virol. 83:1142\u20131150, 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,22]],"date-time":"2011-04-22T15:32:43Z","timestamp":1303486363000},"page":"1142-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene diversity and evidence of recombination in HBV\/HIV co\u2010infected persons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Welge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason 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