{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T23:51:51Z","timestamp":1790466711955,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,18]],"date-time":"2012-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) serology continues to be the first diagnostic test when infectious mononucleosis is suspected. Due to possible mild immunosuppression in competitive athletes, EBV reactivation determined by increases in salivary viral load have been identified as one possible cause in recurrent respiratory infections. The long\u2010term variation in EBV antibody levels in athletes compared to a control group remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate the time course of changes in concentration of EBV antibodies in athletes with special emphasis on antibodies against early antigens (EAs) and avidity determination. During a competition season of approximately 12 months, the serological status of 15 biathletes (age 27\u2009\u00b1\u20093 years, 7 female, 8 male, international to Olympic level) was compared with 11 controls (age 23\u2009\u00b1\u20091 years; 1 female 10 male) at multiple time points. In addition, 43 healthy swimmers (age 22\u2009\u00b1\u20094 years, 18 female, 25 male, national to international level) were tested to validate the results with only two time points interspersed by approximately 6 months of intensive physical exercise. Analysis of quantitative antibody intensity bands revealed stable values during a competition season. In particular, IgG\u2010antibodies against EAs may persist and were found in 15% of past infections in swimmers exhibiting fluctuations in concentration after 6 months. These results provide evidence that positive Anti\u2010EA\u2010IgG may persist in healthy athletes and thus, should not be used to diagnose EBV reactivations or to identify a compromised immune function. J. Med. Virol. 84:1415\u20131422, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T19:52:20Z","timestamp":1343073140000},"page":"1415-1422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Longitudinal observation of Epstein\u2013Barr virus antibodies in athletes during a competitive season"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Torben","family":"Pottgiesser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yorck Olaf","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Wolfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Schmidt\u2010Trucks\u00e4ss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890430308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Simplicity through complexity: Immunoblot with recombinant antigens as the new gold standard in Epstein\u2010Barr virus serology","volume":"47","author":"Bauer G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008173430707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318181e501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000131957.40985.2B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.1.78-82.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2458-2458.2000","article-title":"No correlation in Epstein\u2010Barr virus reactivation between serological parameters and viral load","volume":"38","author":"Gartner BC","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Mucosal immune responses and risk of respiratory illness in elite athletes","volume":"6","author":"Gleeson M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200203000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910080212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/124.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3381-3387.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.6.1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90599-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Effects of acute exhaustive exercise and chronic exercise training on type 1 and type 2 T lymphocytes","volume":"10","author":"Lancaster GI","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03260091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199306000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00543-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5419-5428.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000230122.91264.3f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2002.002634"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.3.972.972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/135.3.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0197(94)90033-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Position statement. 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