{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:18:14Z","timestamp":1790050694937,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]],"date-time":"2012-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) genotypes can be distinguished based on gene sequence differences in EBV nuclear antigens 2, 3A, 3B, and 3C, and the BZLF1 promoter zone (Zp). EBV subtypes and BZLF1 Zp variants were examined in Japanese patients with infectious mononucleosis, chronic active EBV infection, and EBV\u2010associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The results of EBV typing showed that samples of infectious mononucleosis, chronic active EBV infection, and EBV\u2010associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis all belonged to EBV type 1. However, sequencing analysis of BZLF1 Zp found three polymorphic Zp variants in the same samples. The Zp\u2010P prototype and the Zp\u2010V3 variant were both detected in infectious mononucleosis and chronic active EBV infection. Furthermore, a novel variant previously identified in Chinese children with infectious mononucleosis, Zp\u2010V1, was also found in 3 of 18 samples of infectious mononucleosis, where it coexisted with the Zp\u2010P prototype. This is the first evidence that the EBV variant distribution in Japanese patients resembles that found in other Asian patients. The expression levels of 29 chronic active EBV infection\u2010associated cellular genes were also compared in the three EBV\u2010related disorders, using quantitative real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Two upregulated genes, <jats:italic>RIPK2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CDH9<\/jats:italic>, were identified as common specific markers for chronic active EBV infection in both in vitro and in vivo studies. RIPK2 activates apoptosis and autophagy, and could be responsible for the pathogenesis of chronic active EBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:940\u2013946, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]],"date-time":"2012-04-17T13:24:21Z","timestamp":1334669061000},"page":"940-946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterization of Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) BZLF1 gene promoter variants and comparison of cellular gene expression profiles in Japanese patients with infectious mononucleosis, chronic active EBV infection, and EBV\u2010associated hemophagocytic 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