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In this study, the occurrence of type 1 diabetes associated autoantibodies (GADA and IA\u20102A) and tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA) was determined in patients with confirmed viral infections and no signs of type 1 diabetes or coeliac disease. Serum samples from 82 Cuban patients tested positive for PCR and IgG specific to enterovirus (HEV, serotype echovirus 16, 20 samples), Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV, 20 samples), cytomegalovirus (CMV, 21 samples), and hepatitis C virus (HCV, 21 samples); and sera from 164 controls negative serologically to EBV, CMV, HCV, and echovirus 16 were enrolled in the study. All subjects were screened for GADA, IA\u20102A, and TGA. The prevalence of TGA in patients infected with HEV, EBV, CMV, or HCV was 55% (11\/20), 25% (5\/20), 9.5% (2\/21), and 9.5% (2\/21), respectively. GADA and IA\u20102A were found in 15% (3\/20) and 25% (5\/20) of patients infected with HEV. None of the patients infected by EBV, CMV, and HCV had GADA or IA\u20102A. All children infected with HEV who were positive for type 1 diabetes\u2010associated autoantibodies were also TGA\u2010positive. None of the sera from uninfected subjects were positive for GADA, IA\u20102A or TGA. In conclusion, TGA can develop during infection with HEV, EBV, CMV, or HCV, while the emergence of islet cell related autoantibodies is restricted to HEV infections. The findings suggest that HEV may be a shared environmental factor for the development of islet and gut\u2010related autoimmunity. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1049\u20131053, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,14]],"date-time":"2012-05-14T15:05:08Z","timestamp":1337007908000},"page":"1049-1053","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Type 1 diabetes associated and tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies in patients without type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease with confirmed viral infections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 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