{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:58:58Z","timestamp":1762505938055},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]],"date-time":"2012-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The novel pandemic (pdm) influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus caused an epidemic of critical illness, with some patients developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pdm H1N1 2009 infection has been reported to cause fatal encephalopathy and myocarditis as well as pneumonia. To investigate the actual characteristics of the encephalopathy associated with pdm H1N1 2009 infection in Japan, questionnaires were distributed and information collected on 207 cases of encephalopathy during one season. The results of the survey showed that encephalopathy was reported predominantly in males. The outcome was recorded in 188 of the 207 cases; 16 of 188 patients (8.5%) died, while 23 (12.2%) had sequelae. Serious cases were distributed across all age groups. Febrile convulsion was noted at a higher rate in medical past\u2010history in cases without sequelae (40 of the 149 cases; 27%) than in serious cases. In contrast, pre\u2010existing epilepsy and mental retardation were observed more frequently in serious cases. Twelve cases exhibited biphasic seizures; one\u2010half of these had sequelae, but none was fatal. Ten cases were accompanied by high cytokine levels, and three of these children died. Among the 149 cases with good outcomes, 29 of 116 cases (25%) showed abnormalities on MRI, and 14 of these demonstrated reversible splenial lesions. Abnormal behaviors, especially delirium and visual hallucinations, were observed more frequently in cases without sequelae. In conclusion, pdm H1N1 2009 infection\u2010associated encephalopathy was a critical disease in children, with rapidly progressive characteristics similar to those of seasonal influenza\u2010associated encephalopathy. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1151\u20131156, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,19]],"date-time":"2012-06-19T02:28:29Z","timestamp":1340072909000},"page":"1151-1156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["National survey of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009\u2010associated encephalopathy in Japanese children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Morichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihisa","family":"Okumara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuneo","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the collaborating study group on influenza\u2010associated encephalopathy in Japan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181cf4652"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Transient splenial lesion of the corpus callosum in clinically mild influenza\u2010associated encephalitis\/encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Bulakbasi N","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"773","article-title":"Neurologic complications associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in children \u2010 Dallas, Texas, May 2009","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22184"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1601.090941"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.091699"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Japan.2011. 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