{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:22:38Z","timestamp":1791573758701,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]],"date-time":"2012-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of viruses causing aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalitis in Spain. This was a prospective study, in collaboration with 17 Spanish hospitals, including 581 cases (CSF from all and sera from 280): meningitis (340), meningoencephalitis (91), encephalitis (76), febrile syndrome (7), other neurological disorders (32), and 35 cases without clinical information. CSF were assayed by PCR for enterovirus (EV), herpesvirus (herpes simplex [HSV], varicella\u2010zoster [VZV], cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein\u2013Barr [EBV], and human herpes virus\u20106 [HHV\u20106]), mumps (MV), Toscana virus (TOSV), adenovirus (HAdV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), West Nile virus (WNV), and rabies. Serology was undertaken when methodology was available. Amongst meningitis cases, 57.1% were characterized; EV was the most frequent (76.8%), followed by VZV (10.3%) and HSV (3.1%; HSV\u20101: 1.6%; HSV\u20102: 1.0%, HSV non\u2010typed: 0.5%). Cases due to CMV, EBV, HHV\u20106, MV, TOSV, HAdV, and LCMV were also detected. For meningoencephalitis, 40.7% of cases were diagnosed, HSV\u20101 (43.2%) and VZV (27.0%) being the most frequent agents, while cases associated with HSV\u20102, EV, CMV, MV, and LCMV were also detected. For encephalitis, 27.6% of cases were caused by HSV\u20101 (71.4%), VZV (19.1%), or EV (9.5%). Other positive neurological syndromes included cerebellitis (EV and HAdV), seizures (HSV), demyelinating disease (HSV\u20101 and HHV\u20106), myelopathy (VZV), and polyradiculoneuritis (HSV). No rabies or WNV cases were identified. EVs are the most frequent cause of meningitis, as is HSV for meningoencephalitis and encephalitis. A significant number of cases (42.9% meningitis, 59.3% meningoencephalitis, 72.4% encephalitis) still have no etiological diagnosis. J. Med. Virol. 85:554\u2013562, 2013.  \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,13]],"date-time":"2012-12-13T19:02:55Z","timestamp":1355425375000},"page":"554-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Viral infections of the central nervous system in Spain: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"de Ory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Avell\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Echevarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.P.","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Seco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Trallero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cabrerizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Fedele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Niubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Eiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mel\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Miragaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Martinez\u2010Sapi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u00c1.","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.I.","family":"Geg\u00fandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Gabilondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Aznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.E.","family":"Guisasola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.I.","family":"Negredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"V\u00e1zquez\u2010Mor\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00862-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(00)00269-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0338-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.060164"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"Bolet\u00edn Epidemiol\u00f3gico Semanal. 2009. 17: 277\u2013288."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21197"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199609)50:1<82::AID-JMV14>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(97)00035-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199902)57:2<145::AID-JMV10>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.12.6176-6182.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"833","article-title":"Polyradiculoneuropathie aigu\u00eb au cours d'une primo\u2010infection \u00e0 virus Herp\u00e8s simplex","volume":"158","author":"Cosson A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(02)72499-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2008.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280802195367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e3283101866"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.03.08017-en","article-title":"Analysis of the surveillance situation for viral encephalitis and meningitis in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Donoso Mantke O","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280600846633"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-0786(90)90004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Participaci\u00f3n del virus de la parotiditis en la etiolog\u00eda de las meningitis linfocitarias agudas diagnosticadas durante el per\u00edodo 1989\u20131995","volume":"15","author":"Echevarr\u00eda JM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico de laboratorio en casos de encefalitis aguda y subaguda de probable etiolog\u00eda v\u00edrica: Experiencia en 7 a\u00f1os","volume":"12","author":"Echevarr\u00eda JM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"Reemergencia de la meningitis linfocitaria aguda por virus de la parotiditis en Espa\u00f1a","volume":"17","author":"Echevarr\u00eda JM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.10.3678-3683.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02386-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Emergencia de arbovirus como causa de meningitis en pacientes adultos inmunocompetentes en nuestro pa\u00eds. Comunicaci\u00f3n a la XII Reuni\u00f3n de la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica. A Coru\u00f1a, 2007","volume":"25","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Viladrich P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa053240"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367841"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0197(95)00203-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2012.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540600740553"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135502801753170255"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000191407.81333.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090563"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"Enfermedad neurol\u00f3gica por adenovirus","volume":"65","author":"Lema CL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicina (B. Aires)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648419"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00479-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(03)00081-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"A case of non\u2010herpetic acute limbic encephalitis associated with a type\u20102 adenovirus infection","volume":"46","author":"Nagasawa H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13059543"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Three cases with acute encephalopathy with adenovirus type 7 infection","volume":"32","author":"Ohtsuki N","year":"2000","journal-title":"No To Hattatsu"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1869-1878.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.274-278.2000","article-title":"Nested PCR for rapid detection of mumps virus in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurological diseases","volume":"38","author":"Palacios Poggio G","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.111646"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10465"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550200020005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890470210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.11.00579-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365549850160828"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Meningitis linfocitaria. Estudio virol\u00f3gico. An\u00e1lisis del estudio realizado entre 1984\u20131986 (632 casos)","volume":"7","author":"T\u00e9llez A","year":"1989","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/1408.080068"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00347.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjmv.23470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmv.23470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T07:00:32Z","timestamp":1696834832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.23470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmv.23470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.23470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6615","1096-9071"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6615","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9071","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]}}}