{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:04:17Z","timestamp":1761581057870},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic, non\u2010bacterial outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, and are also a major cause of sporadic acute gastroenteritis in infants. The aim of the present study was to identify norovirus infections in children not infected by rotavirus admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis in Bel\u00e9m. A total of 348 fecal specimens were obtained from children with diarrhea aged less than 5 years, all of whom had tested negative for rotavirus, between May 2008 and April 2010. Fecal samples were screened for norovirus antigen using enzyme\u2010immunoassay (EIA). Specimens were subjected to reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) using the primers Mon432\/434\u2013Mon431\/433 for detection of the GI and GII norovirus strains, respectively. Based on both methods, the overall norovirus positivity rate was 36.5% (127\/348). Of the 169 samples collected in the first year, 44.4% (n\u2009=\u200975) tested positive for norovirus using both methods, 35.5% (n\u2009=\u200960) by EIA and 40.8% (n\u2009=\u200969) by RT\u2010PCR. Using RT\u2010PCR as a reference standard, a sensitivity of 78.3%, specificity of 94%, and agreement of 87.6% were recorded. Genome sequencing was obtained for 22 (31.9%) of the 69 positive samples, of which 90.9% (20\/22) were genotype GII.4d and 9.1% (2\/22) were genotype GII.b. Norovirus infection was most frequent in children under 2 years of age (41.5%\u2013115\/277). The peak incidence (62.1%) of norovirus\u2010related acute gastroenteritis in these patients (not infected by rotavirus) was observed in February 2010. These findings emphasize the importance of norovirus as a cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among children in Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Northern Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 85:737\u2013744, 2013.  \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]],"date-time":"2013-01-28T18:57:44Z","timestamp":1359399464000},"page":"737-744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Norovirus infection in children admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis in Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Northern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Jones Anderson Monteiro","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre da Costa","family":"Linhares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds Cristina Nascimento","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glic\u00e9lia Cruz","family":"Arag\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darleise de Souza","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirleide Cordeiro","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maisa Silva","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cleonice Aguiar","family":"Justino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana D'Arc Pereira","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvone Benchimol","family":"Gabbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.11.1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008000700020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5123\/S2176-62232010000100021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"BioEstat 5.0: Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es estat\u00edsticas nas \u00e1reas das ci\u00eancias biol\u00f3gicas e m\u00e9dicas","author":"Ayres MMA","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60549-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.3.495-503.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000700003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2854-2859.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.2.327-333.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83321-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updated norovirus outbreak management and disease prevention guidelines","volume":"3","author":"CDC","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"977","volume-title":"Virus taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses","author":"Clark IN","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21831"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000800008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1300-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.14.6581-6591.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68815-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"INMET.Climatologia. 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