{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T19:49:55Z","timestamp":1785181795754,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of enteroviruses in type 1 diabetes has long been suspected. A lower risk of type 1 diabetes is associated with breastfeeding, which could be due to a protective effect against enteroviruses. The neutralizing activity of breast milk against CVB4, a representative of enteroviruses was investigated in this study in vitro. Breast milk was cytotoxic to Hep\u20102 cells up to a dilution of 1\/32, whereas the aqueous fraction obtained after centrifugation was not cytotoxic; although it inhibited the cytopathic effect of CVB4 on Hep\u20102 cell monolayers. The anti\u2010CVB4 neutralizing activity of aqueous fractions of breast milk from 49 donors living in Northern France and 15 donors living in Congo, where enteroviral infections are more prevalent, were determined. The levels of colostrum activity expressed as titre ranged from &lt;2 to 32 in 36% of the donors from France whereas they were &gt;128 in every donor from Congo. Pasteurized colostrum had a lower anti\u2010CVB4 activity compared to fresh samples (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, n\u2009=\u200949). The treatment of colostrum samples with jacalin\u2010coated beads that bind specifically to human IgA, showed that IgA plays a role in anti\u2010CVB4 activity. There was no correlation between the neutralizing activities of breast milk and serum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.37, n\u2009=\u200925). The current study showed that the variations in anti\u2010CVB4 activity in breast milk can be attributed to environmental and living conditions. Whether a low protective activity of breast milk against enteroviruses expose newborns to a higher risk of type 1 diabetes deserves further investigation. J. Med. Virol. 85:880\u2013887, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T21:22:36Z","timestamp":1360790556000},"page":"880-887","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Human milk can neutralize Coxsackievirus B4 in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Sane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.K.","family":"Alidjinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kacet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Moukassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Charlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ebatetou\u2010Ataboho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Ngoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Badia\u2010Boungou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.B.","family":"Romond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.24.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702005000500002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000221892.59371.b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910550609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06657-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6243.765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890440420"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2008.00176.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1972.tb15950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.7.1484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1371-1_41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c7072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"652","article-title":"A prospective study of the role of coxsackie B and other enterovirus infections in the pathogenesis of IDDM","volume":"44","author":"Hy\u00f6ty H","year":"1995","journal-title":"Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. 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